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== Connection to multi-level marketing ==
Some [[
▲Some [[Multi-level marketing]] (MLM) companies operate as pyramid schemes and consumers often confuse legitimate multi-level marketing with pyramid schemes.<ref name="Smith1984">{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Rodney K.|title=Multilevel Marketing|date=1984|publisher=Baker Publishing Group|isbn=0-8010-8243-9|page=45}}</ref><ref name="Keep2014">{{cite journal|last1=Keep|first1=William W|last2=Vander Nat|first2=Peter J.|title=Multilevel marketing and pyramid schemes in the United States: An historical analysis|journal=Journal of Historical Research in Marketing|date=2014|volume=6|issue=2|pages=188–210|doi=10.1108/JHRM-01-2014-0002|access-date=2016-03-26|url=http://business.pages.tcnj.edu/files/2014/02/Keep-and-Vander-Nat_MLM-and-Pyramid-Schemes_Final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412102646/http://business.pages.tcnj.edu/files/2014/02/Keep-and-Vander-Nat_MLM-and-Pyramid-Schemes_Final.pdf|archive-date=2016-04-12}}</ref><ref name="Valentine Speech">{{cite web|last1=Valentine|first1=Debra|title=Pyramid Schemes|date=May 13, 1998|url=https://www.ftc.gov/public-statements/1998/05/pyramid-schemes|publisher=Federal Trade Commission|access-date=2016-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526165547/http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/speeches/pyramid-schemes|archive-date=2022-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last = Edwards | first = Paul | title = Franchising & licensing: two powerful ways to grow your business in any economy | publisher = Tarcher | year = 1997 | page = 356 | isbn = 0-87477-898-0}}</ref>
According to the U.S. [[Federal Trade Commission]] legitimate MLM businesses are distinguished from pyramid schemes by participants making money primarily from product sales, rather than recruitment:<ref name="PS_USA_1998">{{cite web|url=https://www.ftc.gov/public-statements/1998/05/pyramid-schemes|title=Pyramid Schemes|date=18 July 2013}}</ref>
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