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== Experiments ==
In 1980s, astronomer [[Carl Sagan]] persuaded NASA to perform an experiment of detecting life and civilization on Earth using instruments of the ''[[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]]'' spacecraft. It was launched in December 1990, and when it was {{convert|960|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the planet's surface, ''Galileo'' turned its instruments to observe Earth. Sagan's paper was titled "A search for life on Earth from the Galileo spacecraft"; he wrote that "high-resolution images of Australia and Antarctica obtained as ''Galileo'' flew overhead did not yield signs of civilization"; other measurements showed the presence of vegetation and detected radio transmissions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Witze |first1=Alexandra |title=How would we know whether there is life on Earth? This bold experiment found out |journal=Nature |date=16 October 2023 |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=451–452 |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-03230-z |bibcode=2023Natur.622..451W |language=en |doi-access=free |pmid=37845527 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.ufrgs.br/leaa/arquivos/aulas/SERP06/1993_ASearchForLifeOnEarthFromTheGalileoSpacecraft_NATURE.pdf|title=A search for life on Earth from the Galileo spacecraft|first1=Carl|last1=Sagan|first2=W. Reid|last2=Thompson|first3=Robert|last3=Carlson|first4=Donald|last4=Gurnett|first5=Charles|last5=Hord|date=October 23, 1993|journal=Nature|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=715–721|doi=10.1038/365715a0|pmid=11536539 |bibcode=1993Natur.365..715S |s2cid=4269717 }}</ref>
==See also==
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