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Simon’s ideas about learning engineering continued to reverberate at Carnegie Mellon University, but the term did not catch on until businessman Bror Saxberg began marketing it in 2014 after visiting Carnegie Mellon University and the [[Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center]], or LearnLab for short. Bror Saxberg brought his team from the for-profit education company, [[Kaplan, Inc.|Kaplan]], to visit CMU. The team went back to Kaplan with what we now call learning engineering to enhance, optimize, test, and sell their educational products. Bror Saxberg would later co-write with [[Frederick M. Hess|Frederick Hess]], founder of the [[American Enterprise Institute]]'s [https://www.aei.org/conservative-education-reform-network/ Conservative Education Reform Network], the 2014 book using the term ''learning engineering''.
In 2017, the [[IEEE Standards Association]] form the [https://sagroups.ieee.org/icicle/about/ IC Industry Consortium on Learning Engineering] as a part of its [https://standards.ieee.org/industry-connections/ Industry Connections]{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} program. [[File:Learning Engineering Process with Iterative Design-Build.png|thumb|Learning engineering is an iterative process, informed by data, that starts with a challenge in context. The Creation stage may use iterative human-centered design-build cycles.]] Between 2017 and 2019, ICICLE formed eight Special Interest Groups (SIGs) as a collaborative resource to support the growth of Learning Engineering. The Curriculum, and Credentials SIG chaired by [[Kenneth Koedinger]] pioneered the work on a formal definition of learning engineering. Later work by the Design SIG led by Aaron Kessler led to the development of a learning engineering process model. In 2024 ICICLE changed its name to International Consortium for Innovation and Collaboration in Learning Engineering and became part of the [https://sagroups.ieee.org/ltsc/ IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee].
== Overview ==
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Researchers and educational technology commentators have published critiques of learning engineering. <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Victor R. |date=2022-08-12 |title=Learning sciences and learning engineering: A natural or artificial distinction? |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2022.2100705 |journal=Journal of the Learning Sciences |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1080/10508406.2022.2100705 |s2cid=251547280 |issn=1050-8406|doi-access=free }}</ref> The criticisms raised include that learning engineering misrepresents the field of [[learning sciences]] and that despite stating it is based on [[cognitive science]], it actually resembles a return to [[behaviorism]]. Others have also commented that learning engineering exists as a form of [[surveillance capitalism]]. Other fields, such as [[Instructional Systems Design|instructional systems design]], have criticized that learning engineering rebrands the work of their own field.
Still others have commented critically on learning engineering's use of metaphors and figurative language. Often a term or metaphor carries a different meaning for professionals or academics from different domains. At times a term that is used positively in one ___domain carries a strong negative perception in another ___domain.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chandler |first1=Chelsea |url=
== Challenges for Learning Engineering Teams ==
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