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The publicly available requirements document<ref name="req"/> outlines a development process that is defensive against patent threats: Two sets of coding tools, ''base'' and ''enhanced'', are defined:
* The base consist of ''tools that were made public more than 20 years ago or for which a Type 1 declaration is received''. Type 1, or option 1, means "royalty-free", in the nomenclature used in ISO documents.<ref name="iso-speak"/>
* The "enhanced" set consists of 21<ref name="Licenses4_21Tools">{{Cite journal |last1=Samuelsson |first1=Jonatan |last2=Choi |first2=Kiho |last3=Chen |first3=Jianle |last4=Rusanovskyy |first4=Dmytro |title=MPEG-5 Part 1: Essential Video Coding |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9146794 |journal=SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal |year=2020 |volume=129 |issue=7 |pages=10–16 |publisher=SMPTE |doi=10.5594/JMI.2020.3001795 |s2cid=225463271 |access-date=26 June 2021 |ref=Licenses21Tools21}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> other tools which have passed an extra compression efficiency justification and which can be disabled individually.
Each of the 21 [[payable]] tools can have separately acquired and separately [[negotiation|negotiated]] and separately [[Trade|Traded]] [[License agreement]]s. <ref name="Licenses4_21Tools"/> Each can be individually turned off and, when necessary, replaced by a corresponding [[cost free]] baseline profile tool. This structure makes it easy to fall back to a smaller set of tools in the future, if, for example, [[License agreement|licensing]] complications occur around a specific tool, without breaking [[Computer compatibility#Software|compatibility]] with already deployed decoders. <ref name="Licenses4_21Tools"/>
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