Computing Machinery and Intelligence: Difference between revisions

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Turing concludes by speculating about a time when machines will compete with humans on numerous intellectual tasks and suggests tasks that could be used to make that start. Turing then suggests that abstract tasks such as playing chess could be a good place to start another method which he puts as "..it is best to provide the machine with the best sense organs that money can buy, and then teach it to understand and speak English.".

An examination of the development in [[artificial intelligence]] that has followed reveals that the learning machine did take the abstract path suggested by Turing as in the case of [[Deep Blue (chess computer)|Deep Blue]], a chess playing computer developed by [[IBM]] and one which defeated the world champion [[Garry Kasparov]] (though, this too is controversial) and the numerous computer chess games which can outplay most amateurs.<ref name="ParsingTT2008">{{cite book|last1=Epstein|first1=Robert|last2=Roberts|first2=Gary|last3=Beber|first3=Grace|title=Parsing the Turing Test:Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer|date=2008|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-6710-5|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aggUJL_5_oQC}}</ref> As for the second suggestion Turing makes, it has been likened by some authors as a call to finding a [[simulacrum]] of human cognitive development.<ref name="ParsingTT2008"/> And suchSuch attempts at finding the underlying algorithms by which children learn of the features of the world around them are only beginning to be made.<ref name="ParsingTT2008"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gopnik |first1=Alison |author-link=Alison Gopnik |last2=Meltzoff |first2=Andrew N. |author2-link=Andrew N. Meltzoff |title=Words, thoughts, and theories.|series=Learning, Development, and Conceptual Change |date=1997 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=9780262071758 |url=http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/words-thoughts-and-theories}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Meltzoff|first1=Andrew N.|title=Origins of theory of mind, cognition and communication.|journal=Journal of Communication Disorders|date=1999|volume=32|issue=4|pages=251–269|url=http://ilabs.washington.edu/meltzoff/pdf/99Meltzoff_JCommDisord.pdf|doi=10.1016/S0021-9924(99)00009-X|pmid=10466097|pmc=3629913|access-date=27 November 2014|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415081358/http://ilabs.washington.edu/meltzoff/pdf/99Meltzoff_JCommDisord.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notes==