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Since the original development of this method by Peskin, a variety of approaches have been developed to simulate flow over complicated immersed bodies on grids that do not conform to the surface of the body. These include methods such as the immersed interface method, the Cartesian grid method, the ghost fluid method and the cut-cell method. Mittal and Iaccarino<ref>{{harvnb|Mittal|Iaccarino|2005}}.</ref> refer to all these (and other related) methods as Immersed Boundary Methods and provide various categorizations of these methods. From the point of view of implementation, they categorize immersed boundary methods into ''continuous forcing'' and ''discrete forcing'' methods. In the former, a force term is added to the continuous Navier-Stokes equations before discretization, whereas in the latter, the forcing is applied (explicitly or implicitly) to the discretized equations. Under this taxonomy, Peskin's original method is a ''continuous forcing'' method whereas Cartesian grid, cut-cell and the ghost-fluid methods are ''discrete forcing'' methods.
For simulations of viscoelastic fluids, curved fluid interfaces, microscopic biophysical systems (proteins in lipid bilayer membranes, swimmers), and engineered devices, further variants and extensions of the immersed boundary method also have been developed, such as the Stochastic Immersed Boundary Methods of Atzberger, Kramer, and Peskin
<ref>
{{Cite journal
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</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Atzberger |first1=Paul |title=Hydrodynamic Coupling of Particle Inclusions Embedded in Curved Lipid Bilayer Membranes |journal=Soft Matter, The Royal Society of Chemistry |date=2016 |volume=12 |pages=6685-6707 |doi=10.1039/C6SM00194G | arxiv=1803.07594}}
</ref>. Massed Immersed Boundary Methods of Moria
</ref>.▼
<ref>
{{Cite journal
| last1 = Moria
| first1 = Yoichiro
| last2 = Peskin
| first2 = Charles S.
| title = Implicit Second-Order Immersed Boundary Methods with Boundary Mass
| journal = Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
| volume = 197
| issue = 25–28
| pages = 2049–2067
| year = 2008
| doi = 10.1016/j.cma.2007.05.028
| bibcode = 2008CMAME.197.2049M
}}
and Rotational Immersed Boundary Methods of Olson, Lim, Cortez
<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Olson |first1=S.
|last2=Lim |first2=S. |last3=Cortez |first3=R.
|title=Modeling the dynamics of an elastic rod with intrinsic curvature and twist using a regularized Stokes formulation |journal=Journal of Computational Physics |date=2013 |volume=238 |doi=10.1016/j.jcp.2012.12.026}}</ref>.
In general, for immersed boundary methods and related variants, there is an active research community that is still developing new techniques and related software implementations and incorporating related techniques into simulation packages and CAD engineering software.
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