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→Types of operating systems: Restored LibOS section (Library), expanded with clarification and references |
Guy Harris (talk | contribs) →History: At least show a S/360 image that features something with which the operator can interact with the operating system; the front panel is invisible to the OS, which gets commands from, and prints messages to, the 1052 printing terminal in the picture. |
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==History==
{{Main|History of operating systems}}
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The first computers in the late 1940s and 1950s were directly programmed either with [[plugboard]]s or with [[machine code]] inputted on media such as [[punch card]]s, without [[programming language]]s or operating systems.{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|p=8}} After the introduction of the [[transistor]] in the mid-1950s, [[mainframe]]s began to be built. These still needed professional operators{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|p=8}} but had rudimentary operating systems such as [[Fortran Monitor System]] (FMS) and [[IBSYS]].{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|p=10}} In the 1960s, [[IBM]] introduced the first series of intercompatible computers ([[System/360]]). All of them ran the same operating system—[[OS/360]]—which consisted of millions of lines of [[assembly language]] that had thousands of [[Software bug|bug]]s. The OS/360 also was the first popular operating system to support [[multiprogramming]], such that the CPU could be put to use on one job while another was waiting on [[input/output]] (I/O). Holding multiple jobs in [[memory (computing)|memory]] necessitated memory partitioning and safeguards against one job accessing the memory allocated to a different one.{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|pp=11–12}}
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