In [[software engineering]], '''containerization''' is [[operating systemOS-level virtualization|operating-system–level virtualization]] or [[application-level virtualization]] over multiple network resources so that software applications can run in isolated user spaces called ''containers'' in any [[Cloud computing|cloud]] or non-cloud environment, regardless of type or [[vendor]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scheepers |first1=Mathijs Jeroen |title=Virtualization and Containerization of Application Infrastructure: A Comparison |website=Thijs Scheepers |date=2014 |s2cid=18129086 |url=https://thijs.ai/papers/scheepers-virtualization-containerization.pdf }}</ref>
