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[[Image:IRobot Create team.jpg|thumb|right|A team of [[iRobot Create]] [[robot]]s at the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]]]]
{{Multi-agent system}}
'''Swarm robotics''' is an emergingapproach fieldto the coordination of adaptingmultiple therobots phenomenonas a system which consist of naturallarge swarmsnumbers toof roboticsmostly simple physical [[robot]]s. In a robot swarm, the collective behavior of the robots results from local interactions between the robots and between the robots and the environment in which they act.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Swarm Robotics|last1=Dorigo|first1=Marco|last2=Birattari|first2=Mauro|last3=Brambill|first3=Manuele|date=2014|journal=[[Scholarpedia]]|volume=9 |issue=1 |page=1463 |doi=10.4249/scholarpedia.1463 |bibcode=2014SchpJ...9.1463D |language=en-UK|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dias |first1=Pollyanna G. Faria |last2=Silva |first2=Mateus C. |last3=Rocha Filho |first3=Geraldo P. |last4=Vargas |first4=Patrícia A. |last5=Cota |first5=Luciano P. |last6=Pessin |first6=Gustavo |title=Swarm Robotics: A Perspective on the Latest Reviewed Concepts and Applications |journal=[[Sensors (journal)|Sensors]] |date=2021 |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=2062 |doi=10.3390/s21062062 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Calderón-Arce |first1=Cindy |last2=Brenes-Torres |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Solis-Ortega |first3=Rebeca |title=Swarm Robotics: Simulators, Platforms and Applications Review |journal=[[Computation (journal)|Computation]] |date=2022 |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=80 |doi=10.3390/computation10060080 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cheraghi |first1=Ahmad Reza |last2=Shahzad |first2=Sahdia |last3=Graffi |first3=Kalman |title=Past, Present, and Future of Swarm Robotics |date=2022 |publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]] |isbn=978-3-030-82199-9 |pages=190–233 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-82199-9_13#citeas |language=en}}</ref> It is supposed that a desired [[collective behavior]] emerges from the interactions between the robots and interactions of robots with the environment. This idea emerged on the field of [[artificial swarm intelligence]], as well as the studies of insects, ants and other fields in nature, where [[swarm behaviour]] occurs. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-29 |title=What is the primary purpose of Swarm Robotics? |url=https://robotohub.com/what-is-the-primary-purpose-of-swarm-robotics/ |access-date=2024-09-01 |website= |quote=“Swarm Robotics” is a captivating field that takes inspiration from the collective behavior of social insects like ants, bees, and termites.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahzad |first1=Muhammad Muzamal |last2=Saeed |first2=Zubair |last3=Akhtar |first3=Asima |last4=Munawar |first4=Hammad |last5=Yousaf |first5=Muhammad Haroon |last6=Baloach |first6=Naveed Khan |last7=Hussain |first7=Fawad |title=A Review of Swarm Robotics in a NutShell |journal=[[Drones (journal)|Drones]] |date=2023 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=269 |doi=10.3390/drones7040269 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dorigo |first1=Marco |last2=Theraulaz |first2=Guy |last3=Trianni |first3=Vito |title=Swarm Robotics: Past, Present, and Future [Point of View] |journal=[[Proceedings of the IEEE]] |date=2021 |volume=109 |issue=7 |pages=1152–1165 |doi=10.1109/JPROC.2021.3072740 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
==Definition==
=== Applications ===
Potential applications for swarm robotics are many.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schranz |first1=Melanie |last2=Umlauft |first2=Martina |last3=Sende |first3=Micha |last4=Elmenreich |first4=Wilfried |title=Swarm Robotic Behaviors and Current Applications |journal=[[Frontiers in Robotics and AI]] |date=2020 |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/frobt.2020.00036 |doi-access=free}}</ref> They include tasks that demand [[miniaturization]] ([[nanorobotics]], [[microbotics]]), like distributed sensing tasks in [[micromachinery]] or the human body. One of the most promising uses of swarm robotics is in [[rescue robot|search and rescue]] missions.<ref name="tvt">Hu, J.; Niu, H.; Carrasco, J.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9244647 Voronoi-Based Multi-Robot Autonomous Exploration in Unknown Environments via Deep Reinforcement Learning]" IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020.</ref> Swarms of robots of different sizes could be sent to places that rescue-workers cannot reach safely, to explore the unknown environment and solve complex mazes via onboard sensors.<ref name="tvt"/> On the other hand, swarm robotics can be suited to tasks that demand cheap designs, for instance [[mining]] or agricultural shepherding tasks.<ref name="tcds">Hu, J.; Turgut, A.; Krajnik, T.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9173524 Occlusion-Based Coordination Protocol Design for Autonomous Robotic Shepherding Tasks]" IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 2020.</ref>
More controversially, swarms of [[military robot]]s can form an autonomous army. U.S. Naval forces have tested a swarm of autonomous boats that can steer and take offensive actions by themselves. The boats are unmanned and can be fitted with any kind of kit to deter and destroy enemy vessels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/06/tech/innovation/navy-swarm-boats/index.html|title=U.S. Navy could 'swarm' foes with robot boats|first=Brad |last=Lendon|date=6 October 2014 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>
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