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La compagnia è stata fondata nel 1972 come Southern Alberta Opera Association. L'associazione inizialmente eseguì due produzioni operistiche all'anno, dal 1973 al 1977. Alexander Gray fu il primo direttore artistico della Southern Alberta Opera Association e mantenne la carica fino al 1976. Nel 1976 l'associazione nominò Brian Hanson sia come direttore generale che direttore artistico. Durante il mandato di Hanson, l'associazione ha ampliato la sua stagione a tre produzioni per stagione, a partire dal 1978. Hanson ha descritto la sua filosofia generale di programmazione di opere per la compagnia come "qualcosa di vecchio, qualcosa di nuovo, qualcosa di leggero".<ref>{{cite news | author=Kenneth Delong | title=Review: Marriage of Figaro is opera at its best | url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/local-arts/review-calgary-opera-presents-marriage-of-figaro | work=Calgary Herald | date=2015-02-01 | accessdate=2017-03-06}}</ref>
 
InNel 1983, thela Southern Alberta Opera Association officiallycambiò changedufficialmente itsil namesuo tonome thein Calgary Opera. La Thecompagnia companyha presentedpresentato furtherstagioni expandedulteriormente seasonsampliate ofdi fourquattro productionsproduzioni innel 1983, 1985, 1986 ande 1988. Hanson retiredsi fromè hisritirato postsdal insuo incarico nel 1988. David Speers, previouslyin theprecedenza assistantvicedirettore generalgenerale managerdella ofcompagnia, theè company,succeduto succeededad Hanson innel 1988. La Thecompagnia companyha stagedmesso fivein operasscena incinque opere nel 1990, ande fourquattro operasopere innel 1991. Speers concludedha hisconcluso tenureil insuo mandato nel 1998.
 
In 1998, W.R. ('Bob') McPhee became general director of Calgary Opera. The company staged four productions in 2001, 2002 and 2004. From July 2004 to September 2005, the Southern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium was shuttered for renovations. The company established its Emerging Artist Development Program in 2004, and received support of $375K (CDN) from the Canada Arts Training Fund over the period from 2010 to 2013.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/the-government-of-canada-supports-the-calgary-opera-association-1288452.htm | title=The Government of Canada Supports the Calgary Opera Association | publisher=Canadian Heritage | date=12 July 2010 | accessdate=2017-03-06}}</ref> The 'Opera in the Village' programme began during McPhee's tenure. In March 2015, the company announced a partnership with the [[Calgary Stampede]] that is to lead to the eventual construction of a new opera centre for the company, on land provided by the Calgary Stampede.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://news.calgarystampede.com/releases/calgary-opera-joins-calgary-stampedes-youth-campus | title=Calgary Opera joins Calgary Stampede's Youth Campus | publisher=Calgary Stampede | date=10 March 2015 | accessdate=2017-03-06}}</ref> McPhee retired as the company's general director on 3 March 2017, because of health issues. Taras Kulish and Lauren Martin subsequently served as interim leaders of the company.<ref>{{cite news | author=Eric Vollmers | title=Bob McPhee to retire as general director and CEO of Calgary Opera after 19 years | url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/local-arts/bob-mcphee-to-retire-as-general-director-and-ceo-of-calgary-opera-after-19-years | work=Calgary Herald | date=2017-02-25 | accessdate=2017-03-06}}</ref> In December 2017, the company announced the appointment of [[Keith Cerny]] as its next general director, effective January 2018.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2017/12/News/Dallas_Opera_Keith_Cerny.html | title=Dallas Opera General Director Keith Cerny Resigns, Appointed New Chief of Calgary Opera | work=Opera News | date=2017-12-15 | accessdate=2018-08-28}}</ref> In August 2018, the company announced Cerny's departure as its general director, as of January 2019.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.calgaryopera.com/content/file/MEDIA_RELEASE_-_GENERAL_DIRECTOR_AND_CEO_KEITH_CERNY_TO_STEP_DOWN_FROM_CALGARY_OPERA.pdf | title=General Director and CEO Keith Cerny to Step Down from Calgary Opera | publisher=Calgary Opera | date=27 August 2018 | accessdate=2018-08-28}}</ref>