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Darwin was still researching and experimenting with his ideas on natural selection when he received a letter from [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] describing a theory very similar to his own. This led to an immediate joint publication of both theories. Both Wallace and Darwin saw the history of life like a [[family tree]], with each fork in the tree's limbs being a common ancestor. The tips of the limbs represented modern species and the branches represented the common ancestors that are shared amongst many different species. To explain these relationships, Darwin said that all living things were related, and this meant that all life must be descended from a few forms, or even from a single common ancestor. He called this process ''descent with modification''.<ref name="wyhe">{{cite web |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/darwin.html |title=Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist |last=van Wyhe |first=John |author-link=John van Wyhe |year=2002 |work=[[The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online]] |oclc=74272908 |access-date=2008-01-16}}</ref>
Darwin published his theory of evolution by natural selection in ''On the Origin of Species'' in 1859.{{sfn|Darwin|1859}} His theory means that all life, including [[human]]ity, is a product of continuing natural processes. The implication that all life on Earth has a common ancestor has been met with [[Objections to evolution|objections]] from some [[Creation–evolution controversy|religious groups]]. Their objections are in contrast to the level of support for the theory by [[level of support for evolution|more than 99 percent]] of those within the [[scientific community]] today.<ref name="delgado">{{cite journal |last=Delgado |first=Cynthia |date=July 28, 2006 |title=Finding the Evolution in Medicine |url=http://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/2006/07_28_2006/story03.htm |journal=NIH Record |volume=58 |issue=15 |pages=1, 8–9 |access-date=January 9, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924003836/https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/2006/07_28_2006/story03.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Natural selection is commonly equated with ''survival of the fittest'', but this expression originated in [[Herbert Spencer]]'s ''Principles of Biology'' in 1864, five years after Charles Darwin published his original works. ''Survival of the fittest'' describes the process of natural selection incorrectly, because natural selection is not only about survival and it is not always the fittest that survives.<ref>{{harvnb|Futuyma|2005b|pp=93–98}}</ref>{{Clear}}
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