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== Orthography ==
Malagasy has been written using the [[Latin alphabet]] since 1823, before which the Arabic [[Ajami script]], or [[Sorabe alphabet|Sorabe]] ("
The alphabet consists of 21 letters: ''a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, v, y, z.'' The [[orthography|orthography]] maps rather straightforwardly to phonetics. The letters ''i'' and ''y'' both represent the /i/ sound (''y'' is used word-finally, and ''i'' elsewhere), while ''o'' is pronounced /u/. The affricates /ʈʂ/ and /ɖʐ/ are written ''tr'' and ''dr'', respectively, while /ts/ and /dz/ are written ''ts'' and ''j''. The letter ''h'' is often silent. All other letters have essentially their IPA values.
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