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Citation bot (talk | contribs) Add: pmc-embargo-date, pmc, volume, pmid, issue. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Glycobiology | #UCB_Category 18/25 |
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'''Glycan arrays''',<ref name="Carbohydrate Microarrays">{{cite journal|vauthors=Carroll GT, Wang D, Turro NJ, Koberstein JT|title=Photochemical Micropatterning of Carbohydrates on a Surface|journal=Langmuir|date=2006|volume=22|issue=6 |pages=2899–2905|doi=10.1021/la0531042|pmid=16519501 }}</ref> like that offered by the [[Consortium for Functional Glycomics]] (CFG), [[National Center for Functional Glycomics]] (NCFG) and [http://www.zbiotech.com/ Z Biotech, LLC], contain carbohydrate compounds that can be screened with lectins, antibodies or cell receptors to define carbohydrate specificity and identify ligands. Glycan array screening works in much the same way as other microarray that is used for instance to study gene expression [[DNA microarrays]] or protein interaction [[Protein microarray]]s.
Glycan arrays are composed of various [[oligosaccharides]] and/or [[polysaccharides]] immobilised on a solid support in a spatially-defined arrangement.<ref name="Glycan arrays: recent advances and future challenges">{{cite journal|vauthors=Oyelaran O, Gildersleeve JC|title=Glycan arrays: recent advances and future challenges|journal=Curr Opin Chem Biol|date=Oct 2009|volume=13|issue=4|pages=406–413|doi=10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.06.021|pmid=19625207|pmc=2749919 }}</ref> This technology provides the means of studying glycan-protein interactions in a high-throughput environment. These natural or synthetic (see [[carbohydrate synthesis]]) glycans are then incubated with any glycan-binding protein such as [[lectin]]s, [[cell surface receptor]]s or possibly a whole organism such as a [[virus]]. Binding is quantified using fluorescence-based detection methods. Certain types of glycan microarrays can even be re-used for multiple samples using a method called Microwave Assisted Wet-Erase.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mehta |first1=Akul Y |last2=Tilton |first2=Catherine A |last3=Muerner |first3=Lukas |last4=von Gunten |first4=Stephan |last5=Heimburg-Molinaro |first5=Jamie |last6=Cummings |first6=Richard D |title=Reusable glycan microarrays using a microwave assisted wet-erase (MAWE) process |journal=Glycobiology |date=14 November 2023 |volume=34 |issue=2 |doi=10.1093/glycob/cwad091 |pmid=37962922|pmc=10969520 |pmc-embargo-date=November 14, 2024 }}</ref>
==Applications==
Glycan arrays have been used to characterize previously unknown biochemical interactions. For example, photo-generated glycan arrays have been used to characterize the immunogenic properties of a tetrasaccharide found on the surface of [[anthrax]] spores.<ref name="Anthrax">{{cite journal|vauthors=Wang D, Carroll GT, Turro NJ, Koberstein JT, Kováč P, Saksena R, Adamo R, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA, Steinman L|title=Photogenerated glycan arrays identify immunogenic sugar moieties of Bacillus anthracis exosporium|journal=Proteomics|date=2007|volume=7|issue=2 |pages=180–184|doi=10.1002/pmic.200600478|doi-access=free|pmid=17205603 }}</ref> Hence, glycan array technology can be used to study the specificity of [[host-pathogen interactions]].
<ref name="Glycan arrays as tools for infectious disease research">{{cite journal|vauthors=Geissner A, Anish C, Seeberger PH|title=Glycan arrays as tools for infectious disease research|journal=Curr Opin Chem Biol|date=Feb 2014|volume=18|pages=38–45|doi=10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.11.013|pmid=24534751}}</ref>
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