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There is no comprehensive 'history' of data visualization. There are no accounts that span the entire development of visual thinking and the visual representation of data, and which collate the contributions of disparate disciplines.<ref name="Springer-Verlag">{{cite book|last1=Friendly|first1=Michael|date=2008 |chapter=A Brief History of Data Visualization|title=Handbook of Data Visualization|pages=15–56|publisher=Springer-Verlag |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-33037-0_2|isbn=9783540330370|s2cid=62626937 }}</ref> Michael Friendly and Daniel J Denis of [[York University]] are engaged in a project that attempts to provide a comprehensive history of visualization. Contrary to general belief, data visualization is not a modern development. Since prehistory, stellar data, or information such as ___location of stars were visualized on the walls of caves (such as those found in [[Lascaux|Lascaux Cave]] in Southern France) since the [[Pleistocene]] era.<ref name="WhitehouseIce00">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/871930.stm |title=Ice Age star map discovered |author=Whitehouse, D. |work=BBC News |date=9 August 2000 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106064810/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/871930.stm |archive-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Physical artefacts such as Mesopotamian [[History of ancient numeral systems#Clay token|clay tokens]] (5500 BC), Inca [[quipu]]s (2600 BC) and Marshall Islands [[Marshall Islands stick chart|stick charts]] (n.d.) can also be considered as visualizing quantitative information.<ref name="Dragicevic 2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.dataphys.org/list|title=List of Physical Visualizations and Related Artefacts |date=2012 |access-date=2018-01-12 |last1=Dragicevic |first1=Pierre |last2=Jansen |first2=Yvonne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113194900/http://dataphys.org/list/ |archive-date=2018-01-13 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01120152/document |first1=Yvonne |last1=Jansen |first2=Pierre |last2=Dragicevic |first3=Petra |last3=Isenberg|author3-link= Petra Isenberg |first4=Jason |last4=Alexander |first5=Abhijit |last5=Karnik |first6=Johan |last6=Kildal |first7=Sriram |last7=Subramanian |first8=Kasper |last8=Hornbæk |author8-link=Kasper Hornbæk |date=2015 |title=Opportunities and challenges for data physicalization |journal=Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |pages=3227–3236 |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113093035/https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01120152/document |archive-date=2018-01-13 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The first documented data visualization can be tracked back to 1160 B.C. with [[Turin Papyrus Map]] which accurately illustrates the distribution of geological resources and provides information about quarrying of those resources.<ref name="Friendly 2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/ |title=Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization |date=2001 |last=Friendly |first=Michael |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414221920/http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/ |archive-date=2014-04-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Such maps can be categorized as [[thematic map|thematic cartography]], which is a type of data visualization that presents and communicates specific data and information through a geographical illustration designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area. Earliest documented forms of [https://hexaviewtech.com/services/data-science/data-visualization-and-analytics-services data visualization solution] were various thematic maps from different cultures and ideograms and hieroglyphs that provided and allowed interpretation of information illustrated. For example, [[Linear B]] tablets of [[Mycenae]] provided a visualization of information regarding Late Bronze Age era trades in the Mediterranean. The idea of coordinates was used by ancient Egyptian surveyors in laying out towns, earthly and heavenly positions were located by something akin to latitude and longitude at least by 200 BC, and the map projection of a spherical Earth into latitude and longitude by [[Claudius Ptolemy]] [{{circa|85}}–{{circa|165}}] in Alexandria would serve as reference standards until the 14th century.<ref name="Friendly 2001"/>
The invention of paper and parchment allowed further development of visualizations throughout history. Figure shows a graph from the 10th or possibly 11th century that is intended to be an illustration of the planetary movement, used in an appendix of a textbook in monastery schools.<ref name="FUNKHOUSER">{{cite journal|last1=Funkhouser |first1=Howard Gray |title=A Note on a Tenth Century Graph |journal=Osiris |date=January 1936 |volume=1 |pages=260–262 |jstor=301609 |doi=10.1086/368425 |s2cid=144492131}}</ref> The graph apparently was meant to represent a plot of the inclinations of the planetary orbits as a function of the time. For this purpose, the zone of the zodiac was represented on a plane with a horizontal line divided into thirty parts as the time or longitudinal axis. The vertical axis designates the width of the zodiac. The horizontal scale appears to have been chosen for each planet individually for the periods cannot be reconciled. The accompanying text refers only to the amplitudes. The curves are apparently not related in time.
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