Hash function: Difference between revisions

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Hash functions are related to (and often confused with) [[checksums]], [[check digit]]s, [[Fingerprint (computing)|fingerprints]], [[lossy compression]], [[randomization function]]s, [[Error correction code|error-correcting codes]], and [[cipher]]s. Although the concepts overlap to some extent, each one has its own uses and requirements and is designed and optimized differently. The hash function differs from these concepts mainly in terms of [[data integrity]]. Hash tables may use [[non-cryptographic hash function]]s, while [[cryptographic hash function]]s are used in cybersecurity to secure sensitive data such as passwords.
 
Hash functions play a crucial role in many computer science applications, especially in areas like data storage, retrieval, and security. One of the key advantages of hash functions is their ability to provide fast access to data by efficiently mapping keys to specific indices within a [[hash table]]. This nearly constant access time makes them a preferred method in scenarios where large amounts of data must be managed. However, it is important to note the difference between non-cryptographic and cryptographic hash functions. While non-cryptographic hash functions are typically used in data structures such as hash tables for fast lookup, cryptographic hash functions are essential in the field of cybersecurity, particularly for ensuring data integrity and securing sensitive information like passwords and digital signatures. These functions are optimized differently, with cryptographic hash functions designed to be resistant to collisions and tampering, making them vital for encryption and digital [[Authentication protocol|authentication]] systems.
 
== Overview ==