Data processing: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:55, 29 September 2024

Revision as of 23:13, 29 September 2024

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=== Manual data processing ===

Although widespread use of the term ''data processing'' dates only from the 1950s, <ref name=DPuse>{{cite book|title=Google N gram viewer|url=https:/storage/emulated/0/Download/Chime(combooks.onedebitgoogle.chime)-5.240.0(117132)-base.apkurl=com.google.android.apps.docs.editors.sheets./ngrams/graph?content=data+processing&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=|access-date=June 26, 2013}}</ref> data processing functions have been performed manually for millennia. For example, [[bookkeeping]] involves functions such as posting transactions and producing reports like the [[balance sheet]] and the [[cash flow statement]]. Completely manual methods were augmented by the application of [[mechanical calculator|mechanical]] or electronic [[calculator]]s. A person whose job was to perform calculations manually or using a calculator was called a "[[Human computer|computer]]."

The [[1890 United States Census]] schedule was the first to gather data by individual rather than [[household]]. A number of questions could be answered by making a check in the appropriate box on the form. From 1850 to 1880 the Census Bureau employed "a system of tallying, which, by reason of the increasing number of combinations of classifications required, became increasingly complex. Only a limited number of combinations could be recorded in one tally, so it was necessary to handle the schedules 5 or 6 times, for as many independent tallies."<ref name=Truesdell65>{{cite book|author1-link=Leon E. Truesdell|last=Truesdell|first=Leon E.|title=The development of punch card tabulation in the Bureau of the Census, 1890|year=1965|publisher=United States Department of Commerce|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=MGZqAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PR1}}</ref> "It took over 7 years to publish the results of the 1880 census"<ref name=Bohme91>{{cite book|last1=Bohme|first1=Frederick|last2=Wyatt|first2=J. Paul|last3=Curry|first3=James P.|title=100 Years of Data Processing: The Punchcard Century|year=1991|publisher=United States Bureau of the Census|url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=uCeu4sHRLfgC&rdid=book-uCeu4sHRLfgC&rdot=1}}</ref> using manual processing methods.