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'''Compact Disc Digital Audio''' ('''CDDA''' or '''CD-DA'''), also known as '''Digital Audio Compact Disc''' or simply as '''Audio CD''', is the [[standardization|standard]] format for audio [[compact disc]]s. The standard is defined in the ''[[Rainbow Books|Red Book]]'' [[technical specification]]s, which is why the format is also dubbed ''"Redbook audio"'' in some contexts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Redbook Audio (Concept) |url=https://www.giantbomb.com/redbook-audio/3015-6487/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Giant Bomb |language=en}}</ref> CDDA utilizes [[pulse-code modulation]] (PCM) and uses a [[44,100 Hz]] sampling frequency and 16-bit resolution, and was originally specified to store up to 74 minutes of [[stereo]] audio per disc.
BeginningThe infirst thecommercially 2000s,available CDsaudio were[[CD increasinglyplayer]], beingthe replaced[[Sony by other forms of digital storage and distributionCDP-101]], withwas thereleased resultin thatOctober by1982 2010in theJapan. numberThe offormat audiogained CDs being soldacceptance in thesome U.S.developed hadnations, droppedselling aboutmore 50%than froma theirmillion peak;CD however,players theyin remainedits onefirst oftwo theyears, primaryto distributionplay methods22.5 formillion the [[music industry]].discs,<ref name="AutoMR-2">{{cite newsbook | last=Pohlmann url|first= https://wwwKen C. nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/media/31bestbuy.html | worktitle= ThePrinciples Newof YorkDigital TimesAudio | date=2000 title|publisher= AsMcGraw-Hill CD|isbn=978-0-07-134819-5 Sales|page=244}}</ref> Wane,before Musicovertaking Retailers Diversify[[phonograph record| records]] first=Josephand [[Cassette tape| cassette last=Plambecktapes]] |to date=30become Maythe 2010dominant |standard url-status=livefor |commercial archive-url=https://web.archivemusic. org/web/20170501175846/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/media/31bestbuy.html |Peaking archive-date=1around Mayyear 20172000, }}</ref>the Inaudio CD contracted over the 2010s,next revenuesdecade fromdue digitalto musicrising services,popularity suchand asrevenue from [[ iTunes]],Music [[Spotifydownload|digital downloading]], and YouTube,during matchedthe those2010s fromby physical[[Music formatstreaming salesservice|digital formusic the first time.streaming]],<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2015 |title=IFPI publishes Digital Music Report 2015 |url=https://www.ifpi.org/news/Global-digital-music-revenues-match-physical-format-sales-for-first-time |access-date=1 July 2016|date=14 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414194629/https://www.ifpi.org/news/Global-digital-music-revenues-match-physical-format-sales-for-first-time |archive-date=14 April 2015 |access-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> Accordingbut tohas remained as one of the primary distribution methods for the [[ RIAAmusic industry]] 's.<ref midyearname="AutoMR-2">{{cite reportnews in|last=Plambeck 2020|first=Joseph |date=30 May 2010 |title=As CD Sales Wane, Music Retailers Diversify |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/media/31bestbuy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501175846/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/media/31bestbuy.html |archive-date=1 May 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> In the United States, [[phonograph record ]] revenues surpassed thosethe of CDsCD in the U.S.2020 for the first time since the 1980s,<ref>{{cite news |date=10 September 2020 |title=Vinyl Outsells CDs For the First Time in Decades |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/vinyl-outsells-cds-for-the-first-time-in-decades/amp/ |access-date=22 September 2020|date=10 September 2020|url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200922170131/https://pitchfork.com/news/vinyl-outsells-cds-for-the-first-time-in-decades/amp/ |archive -date=22 September 2020 |access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mid-Year 2020 RIAA Revenue Statistics |url=https://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Mid-Year-2020-RIAA-Revenue-Statistics.pdf |title=Mid-Year 2020 RIAA Revenue Statistics| website=Riaa.com|accessurl- datestatus= 2live June 2023|archive-date=9 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509100235/https://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Mid-Year-2020-RIAA-Revenue-Statistics.pdf | urlarchive- statusdate= live9 May 2023 |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=Riaa.com}}</ref> whereasbut in Japan,other themajor CDmarkets like Japan it remains the premier music format , andby revenuesa have grown in 2022,distance<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title=3 observations on… how Japan's music industry caters to (and relies on) 'superfans' more than any other market |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/3-observations-on-how-japans-music-industry-caters-to-and-relies-on-superfans-more-than-any-other-market1/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=Music Business Worldwide |language=en-US}}</ref> and in Germany it outsold other physical formats at least fourfold in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistik {{!}} Absatz von physischen Tonträgern und digitalen Musikprodukten |url=https://miz.org/de/statistiken/absatz-von-physischen-tontraegern-und-digitalen-musikprodukten |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=miz.org |language=de}}</ref> ▼The first commercially available audio [[CD player]], the [[Sony CDP-101]], was released in October 1982 in Japan. The format gained worldwide acceptance in 1983–84, selling more than a million CD players in those two years, to play 22.5 million discs.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ken C. |last=Pohlmann |date=2000 |title=Principles of Digital Audio |page=244 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-134819-5}}</ref> In the [[music industry]], audio CDs have been generally sold as either a [[CD single]] (now largely dormant), or as full-length [[album]]s, the latter of which has been more commonplace since the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1999: The Year the Record Industry Lost Control |url=https://theafterword.co.uk/1999-the-year-the-record-industry-lost-control/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=theafterword.co.uk}}</ref>
In the music industry, audio CDs have been generally sold as either a [[CD single]] (now largely dormant), or as full-length [[album]]s, the latter of which has been more commonplace since the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1999: The Year the Record Industry Lost Control |url=https://theafterword.co.uk/1999-the-year-the-record-industry-lost-control/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=theafterword.co.uk}}</ref> The format has also been influential in the progression of [[video game music]], used in [[Mixed Mode CD|mixed mode]] [[CD-ROM|CD-ROMs]], providing CD-quality audio popularized during the 1990s on hardware such as [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], [[Sega Saturn]] and [[personal computers]] with 16-bit [[sound cards]] like the [[Sound Blaster|Sound Blaster 16]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Collins |first=Karen |title=From Bits to Hits: Video Games Music Changes its Tune |___location=School of Music, University of Windsor}}</ref>
▲Beginning in the 2000s, CDs were increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that by 2010 the number of audio CDs being sold in the U.S. had dropped about 50% from their peak; however, they remained one of the primary distribution methods for the [[music industry]].<ref name="AutoMR-2">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/media/31bestbuy.html | work=The New York Times | title=As CD Sales Wane, Music Retailers Diversify | first=Joseph | last=Plambeck | date=30 May 2010 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501175846/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/media/31bestbuy.html | archive-date=1 May 2017 }}</ref> In the 2010s, revenues from digital music services, such as [[iTunes]], [[Spotify]], and YouTube, matched those from physical format sales for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|title=IFPI publishes Digital Music Report 2015|url=https://www.ifpi.org/news/Global-digital-music-revenues-match-physical-format-sales-for-first-time|access-date=1 July 2016|date=14 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414194629/https://www.ifpi.org/news/Global-digital-music-revenues-match-physical-format-sales-for-first-time|archive-date=14 April 2015}}</ref> According to the [[RIAA]]'s midyear report in 2020, [[phonograph record]] revenues surpassed those of CDs in the U.S. for the first time since the 1980s,<ref>{{cite news|title=Vinyl Outsells CDs For the First Time in Decades|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/vinyl-outsells-cds-for-the-first-time-in-decades/amp/|access-date=22 September 2020|date=10 September 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200922170131/https://pitchfork.com/news/vinyl-outsells-cds-for-the-first-time-in-decades/amp/|archive-date=22 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Mid-Year-2020-RIAA-Revenue-Statistics.pdf|title=Mid-Year 2020 RIAA Revenue Statistics|website=Riaa.com|access-date=2 June 2023|archive-date=9 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509100235/https://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Mid-Year-2020-RIAA-Revenue-Statistics.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> whereas in Japan, the CD remains the premier music format, and revenues have grown in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title=3 observations on… how Japan's music industry caters to (and relies on) 'superfans' more than any other market |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/3-observations-on-how-japans-music-industry-caters-to-and-relies-on-superfans-more-than-any-other-market1/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=Music Business Worldwide |language=en-US}}</ref> and in Germany it outsold other physical formats at least fourfold in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistik {{!}} Absatz von physischen Tonträgern und digitalen Musikprodukten |url=https://miz.org/de/statistiken/absatz-von-physischen-tontraegern-und-digitalen-musikprodukten |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=miz.org |language=de}}</ref>
== History ==
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