Tai Tham script: Difference between revisions

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; Notes
{{notelist}}
=== Consonant digraph with ''Ha'' ===
Certain consonants in the low-class group lack their high-class counterpart. These consonants are sometimes called the ''single low-class consonants''. Their high-class counterparts are created by the combination with letter ''high Ha'' ({{Script|Lana|ᩉ}}) as a digraph, called ''Ha Nam'' ({{Script|Lana|ᩉ ᨶᩣᩴ}}).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bunkhit Watcharasāt |title=Phāsā Mư̄ang Lānnā |publisher=Thārāthō̜ng Kānphim |year=2005 |isbn=978-974-85472-0-6 |___location=Chīang Mai |pages=20 |language=th}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |Letter
! colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="2" |'''Transliteration'''
! colspan="2" |'''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]'''
! rowspan="2" |Tone
'''Class'''
|-
!Translit.
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!'''Initial'''
!'''Final'''
!'''Initial'''
!'''Final'''
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᨦ}}
|''nga''
|{{IPA|[ŋǎ]}}
|ng
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[ŋ]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᨶ}}
|''na''
|{{IPA|[nǎ]}}
|n
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[n]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᨾ}}
|''ma''
|{{IPA|[mǎ]}}
|m
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[m]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᨿ}}
|''nya''
|{{IPA|[ɲǎ]}}
|ny
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[ɲ]}}, {{IPA|[j]}}{{Efn|In Tai Lue language|name=Lue-Sound}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉᩕ}}
|''ra, la, ha''
|{{IPA|[rǎ]}}, {{IPA|[lǎ]}}, {{IPA|[hǎ]}}
|r,{{Efn|Often transliterated as 'r' to preserve the semantics for Thai and Pali-Sanskrit words.}} l, h
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[r]}},{{Efn|Influence from Thai, Pali, and Sanskrit languages.|name=Thai-Influence}} {{IPA|[l]}},{{Efn|name=Thai-Influence}} {{IPA|[h]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉᩖ}}, {{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᩃ}}
|''la''
|{{IPA|[lǎ]}}
|l
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[l]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᩅ}}
|''wa''
|{{IPA|[wǎ]}}
|w
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[w]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|}
 
; Notes
{{notelist}}
=== Consonant cluster ===
 
==== Consonant cluster with medial ''La'' ====
Medial ''La'' is a silent letter and not pronounced. For example, the word ​ᨸᩖᩦ and ᨸᩦ are both pronounced ''pi''.
Line 968 ⟶ 1,049:
| style="background: #ccf" |low
|}
 
=== Consonant digraph with ''Ha'' ===
Certain consonants in the low-class group lack their high-class counterpart. These consonants are sometimes called the ''single low-class consonants''. Their high-class counterparts are created by the combination with letter ''high Ha'' ({{Script|Lana|ᩉ}}) as a digraph, called ''Ha Nam'' ({{Script|Lana|ᩉ ᨶᩣᩴ}}).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bunkhit Watcharasāt |title=Phāsā Mư̄ang Lānnā |publisher=Thārāthō̜ng Kānphim |year=2005 |isbn=978-974-85472-0-6 |___location=Chīang Mai |pages=20 |language=th}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |Letter
! colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="2" |'''Transliteration'''
! colspan="2" |'''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]'''
! rowspan="2" |Tone
'''Class'''
|-
!Translit.
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!'''Initial'''
!'''Final'''
!'''Initial'''
!'''Final'''
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᨦ}}
|''nga''
|{{IPA|[ŋǎ]}}
|ng
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[ŋ]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᨶ}}
|''na''
|{{IPA|[nǎ]}}
|n
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[n]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᨾ}}
|''ma''
|{{IPA|[mǎ]}}
|m
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[m]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᨿ}}
|''nya''
|{{IPA|[ɲǎ]}}
|ny
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[ɲ]}}, {{IPA|[j]}}{{Efn|In Tai Lue language|name=Lue-Sound}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉᩕ}}
|''ra, la, ha''
|{{IPA|[rǎ]}}, {{IPA|[lǎ]}}, {{IPA|[hǎ]}}
|r,{{Efn|Often transliterated as 'r' to preserve the semantics for Thai and Pali-Sanskrit words.}} l, h
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[r]}},{{Efn|Influence from Thai, Pali, and Sanskrit languages.|name=Thai-Influence}} {{IPA|[l]}},{{Efn|name=Thai-Influence}} {{IPA|[h]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉᩖ}}, {{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᩃ}}
|''la''
|{{IPA|[lǎ]}}
|l
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[l]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Script|Lana|ᩉ᩠ᩅ}}
|''wa''
|{{IPA|[wǎ]}}
|w
|&nbsp;–
|{{IPA|[w]}}
|&nbsp;–
| style="background: #fcc" |high
|}
 
; Notes
{{notelist}}
 
=== Special letters ===