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'''Noble gas scintillators''' – Another way of detecting atoms "knocked about" by a WIMP is to use [[scintillator|scintillating]] material, so that light pulses are generated by the moving atom and detected, often with PMTs. Experiments such as [[DEAP]] at [[SNOLAB]] and [[DarkSide (dark matter experiment)|DarkSide]] at the [[Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso|LNGS]] instrument a very large target mass of liquid argon for sensitive WIMP searches. [[ZEPLIN]], and [[XENON Dark Matter Search Experiment|XENON]] used xenon to exclude WIMPs at higher sensitivity, with the most stringent limits to date provided by the XENON1T detector, utilizing 3.5 tons of liquid xenon.<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=1705.06655 |last1=Aprile|first1=E|display-authors=etal |title=First Dark Matter Search Results from the XENON1T Experiment |journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=119|issue=18|pages=181301|year=2017|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.181301|pmid=29219593|bibcode=2017PhRvL.119r1301A|s2cid=45532100}}</ref> Even larger multi-ton liquid xenon detectors have been approved for construction from the [[XENON]], [[LUX-ZEPLIN]] and [[PandaX]] collaborations.
'''Crystal scintillators''' – Instead of a liquid noble gas, an in principle simpler approach is the use of a scintillating crystal such as NaI(Tl). This approach is taken by [[DAMA/LIBRA]], an experiment that observed an annular modulation of the signal consistent with WIMP detection (see ''{{section link||Recent limits}}''). Several experiments are attempting to replicate those results, including [[ANAIS]], [[Cryogenic_Observatory_for_Signatures_Seen_in_Next-Generation_Underground_Searches|COSINUS]] and [[DM-Ice]], which is codeploying NaI crystals with the [[IceCube Neutrino Observatory|IceCube]] detector at the South Pole. [[Korea Invisible Mass Search|KIMS]] is approaching the same problem using CsI(Tl) as a scintillator.
'''Bubble chambers''' – The [[PICASSO]] (Project In Canada to Search for Supersymmetric Objects) experiment is a direct dark matter search experiment that is located at [[SNOLAB]] in Canada. It uses bubble detectors with [[Freon]] as the active mass. PICASSO is predominantly sensitive to spin-dependent interactions of WIMPs with the fluorine atoms in the Freon. COUPP, a similar experiment using trifluoroiodomethane(CF<sub>3</sub>I), published limits for mass above 20 GeV in 2011.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Behnke |first1=E. |last2=Behnke |first2=J. |last3=Brice |first3=S. J. |last4=Broemmelsiek |first4=D. |last5=Collar |first5=J. I. |last6=Cooper |first6=P. S. |last7=Crisler |first7=M. |last8=Dahl |first8=C. E. |last9=Fustin |first9=D. |last10=Hall |first10=J. |last11=Hinnefeld |first11=J. H. |last12=Hu |first12=M. |last13=Levine |first13=I. |last14=Ramberg |first14=E. |last15=Shepherd |first15=T. |last16=Sonnenschein |first16=A. |last17=Szydagis |first17=M. |title=Improved Limits on Spin-Dependent WIMP-Proton Interactions from a Two Liter Bubble Chamber |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=10 January 2011 |volume=106 |issue=2 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.021303 |arxiv=1008.3518 |bibcode=2011PhRvL.106b1303B |pmid=21405218 |page=021303|s2cid=20188890 }}</ref> The two experiments merged into PICO collaboration in 2012.
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