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[[File:Eastcampusfire glog crop.png|thumb|left|An early example of a "diary" style blog consisting of text and images transmitted wirelessly in [[Real-time computing|real-time]] from a [[wearable computer]] with [[head-up display]], February 22, 1995]]
The term "weblog" was coined by [[Jorn Barger]]<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://archive.wired.com/entertainment/theweb/news/2007/12/blog_anniversary |title=After 10 Years of Blogs, the Future's Brighter Than Ever |access-date=June 5, 2008 | magazine=Wired |date=December 17, 2007}}</ref> on December 17, 1997. The short form "blog" was coined by [[Peter Merholz]], who jokingly broke the word ''weblog'' into the phrase ''we blog'' in the sidebar of his blog Peterme.com in May 1999.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=6794172 |title=It's the links, stupid |newspaper=The Economist |date=April 20, 2006 |access-date=June 5, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://peterme.com/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991013021124/http://peterme.com/index.html |archive-date=October 13, 1999 |title=Peterme.com |last=Merholz |first=Peter
===Origins===
Before blogging became popular, digital communities took many forms, including [[Usenet]], commercial online services such as [[GEnie]], [[Byte Information Exchange]] (BIX) and the early [[CompuServe]], [[electronic mailing list|e-mail lists]],<ref>The term "e-log" has been used to describe journal entries sent out via e-mail since as early as March 1996.{{cite web|last=Norman|first=David|title=Users confused by blogs|date=July 13, 2005|url=http://lists.drupal.org/archives/development/2005-07/msg00208.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607235110/http://lists.drupal.org/archives/development/2005-07/msg00208.html|archive-date=June 7, 2007|access-date =June 5, 2008}} {{cite web|title=Research staff and students welcome 'E-Log'|publisher=University College London|date=December 2003|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news-archive/archive/2003/december-2003/latest/newsitem.shtml?03120901|access-date=June 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812190236/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news-archive/archive/2003/december-2003/latest/newsitem.shtml?03120901 |archive-date=August 12, 2007}}</ref> and [[Bulletin Board System]]s (BBS). In the 1990s, [[Internet forum]] software created running conversations with "threads". Threads are topical connections between messages on a virtual "[[Bulletin board|corkboard]]".{{Explain|reason=Too vague|date=May 2023}}
Berners-Lee also created what is considered by [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopedia Britannica]] to be "the first 'blog{{' "}} in 1992 to discuss the progress made on creating the World Wide Web and software used for it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Michael Aaron |author-link=Michael Aaron Dennis |last2=Hosch |first2=William L. |last3=Tikkanen |first3=Amy |date=2007-04-11 |title=blog |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/blog |access-date=2023-05-03 |
From June 14, 1993, Mosaic Communications Corporation maintained their "What's New"<ref>"[http://home.mcom.com/home/whats-new.html What's New!]". Mosaic Communications Corporation. Retrieved June 15, 2013.</ref> list of new websites, updated daily and archived monthly. The page was accessible by a special "What's New" button in the Mosaic web browser.
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;Collaborative blogs or group blogs: A type of weblog in which posts are written and published by more than one author. The majority of high-profile collaborative blogs are organised according to a single uniting theme, such as politics, technology or advocacy. In recent years, the [[blogosphere]] has seen the emergence and growing popularity of more collaborative efforts, often set up by already established bloggers wishing to pool time and resources, both to reduce the pressure of maintaining a popular website and to attract a larger readership.
;[[Microblogging]]: Microblogging is the practice of posting small pieces of digital content—which could be text, pictures, links, short videos, or other media—on the internet. Microblogging offers a portable communication mode that feels organic and spontaneous to many users. It has captured the public imagination, in part because the short posts are easy to read on the go or when waiting. Friends use it to keep in touch, business associates use it to coordinate meetings or share useful resources, and celebrities and politicians (or their publicists) microblog about concert dates, lectures, book releases, or tour schedules. A wide and growing range of add-on tools enables sophisticated updates and interaction with other applications. The resulting profusion of functionality is helping to define new possibilities for this type of communication.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educause.edu/library/resources/7-things-you-should-know-about-microblogging |title=7 Things You Should Know About Microblogging |
;Corporate and organizational blogs: A blog can be private, as in most cases, or it can be for business or [[not-for-profit organization]] or government purposes. Blogs used internally and only available to employees via an [[Intranet]] are called [[corporate blog]]s. Companies use internal corporate blogs to enhance the communication, culture and [[employee engagement]] in a corporation. Internal corporate blogs can be used to communicate news about company policies or procedures, build employee [[esprit de corps]] and improve [[morale]]. Companies and other organizations also use external, publicly accessible blogs for marketing, branding, or [[public relations]] purposes. Some organizations have a blog authored by their executive; in practice, many of these executive blog posts are penned by a [[ghostwriter]] who makes posts in the style of the credited author. Similar blogs for clubs and societies are called club blogs, group blogs, or by similar names; typical use is to inform members and other interested parties of club and member activities.
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;By media type: A blog comprising videos is called a [[video blog|vlog]], one comprising links is called a [[linklog]], a site containing a portfolio of sketches is called a [[sketchblog]] or one comprising photos is called a [[photoblog]]. Blogs with shorter posts and mixed media types are called [[tumblelog]]s. Blogs that are written on typewriters and then scanned are called typecast or typecast blogs. A rare type of blog hosted on the [[Gopher Protocol]] is known as a [[phlog]].
;By device: A blog can also be defined by which type of device is used to compose it. A blog written by a [[mobile device]] like a mobile phone or [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]] could be called a [[moblog]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/2783951.stm|
;[[Reverse blog]]: A reverse blog is composed by its users rather than a single blogger. This system has the characteristics of a blog and the writing of several authors. These can be written by several contributing authors on a topic or opened up for anyone to write. There is typically some limit to the number of entries to keep it from operating like a [[web forum]].{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
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==Blurring with the mass media==
Many bloggers, particularly those engaged in [[citizen journalism|participatory journalism]], are amateur journalists, and thus they differentiate themselves from the professional reporters and editors who work in [[mainstream media]] organizations. Other bloggers are media professionals who are publishing online, rather than via a TV station or newspaper, either as an add-on to a traditional media presence (e.g., hosting a radio show or writing a column in a paper newspaper), or as their sole journalistic output. Some institutions and organizations see blogging as a means of "getting around the filter" of media "[[gatekeeper]]s" and pushing their messages directly to the public. Many mainstream journalists, meanwhile, write their own blogs—well over 300, according to CyberJournalist.net's J-blog list.{{citation needed|date=June 2010}} The first known use of a blog on a news site was in August 1998, when [[Jonathan Dube]] of ''[[The Charlotte Observer]]'' published one chronicling [[Hurricane Bonnie (1998)|Hurricane Bonnie]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Blogging Bonnie
Some bloggers have moved over to other media. The following bloggers (and others) have appeared on radio and television: [[Atrios|Duncan Black]] (known widely by his pseudonym, Atrios), [[Glenn Reynolds]] ([[Instapundit]]), [[Markos Moulitsas Zúniga]] ([[Daily Kos]]), [[Alex Steffen]] ([[Worldchanging]]), [[Ana Marie Cox]] ([[Wonkette]]), [[Nate Silver]] ([[FiveThirtyEight.com]]), and [[Ezra Klein]] (Ezra Klein blog in ''[[The American Prospect]],'' now in ''[[The Washington Post]]
Blogs have also had an influence on [[minority language]]s, bringing together scattered speakers and learners; this is particularly so with blogs in [[Goidelic language|Gaelic languages]]. Minority language publishing (which may lack economic feasibility) can find its audience through inexpensive blogging. There are examples of bloggers who have published books based on their blogs, e.g., [[Salam Pax]], [[Ellen Simonetti]], [[Jessica Cutler]], and [[ScrappleFace]]. Blog-based books have been given the name [[blook]]. A prize for the best blog-based book was initiated in 2005,<ref>{{cite news|title=Blooker rewards books from blogs|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4326908.stm|
==Consumer-generated advertising==
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In January 2007, two prominent Malaysian political bloggers, [[Jeff Ooi]] and [[Ahirudin Attan]], were sued by a pro-government newspaper, The New Straits Times Press (Malaysia) Berhad, Kalimullah bin Masheerul Hassan, Hishamuddin bin Aun and Brenden John [[Malaysian names#Indian names|a/l]] John Pereira over alleged defamation. The plaintiff was supported by the Malaysian government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=20489|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608220312/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=20489|archive-date=June 8, 2008|title=New Straits Times staffers sue two bloggers
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In 2009, [[NDTV]] issued a legal notice to Indian blogger Kunte for a blog post criticizing their coverage of the [[Mumbai attacks]].<ref name="hootbarkha">{{cite news
|title=Barkha versus blogger
|url=http://www.thehoot.org/web/home/story.php?storyid=3629&mod=1&pg=1§ionId=6&valid=true
|
|access-date=February 2, 2009}}</ref> The blogger unconditionally withdrew his post, which resulted in several Indian bloggers criticizing NDTV for trying to silence critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abhishekarora.com/2009/02/chyetanya-kunte-vs-burkha-dutt-ndtv.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212101311/http://www.abhishekarora.com/2009/02/chyetanya-kunte-vs-burkha-dutt-ndtv.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2009 |title=Indian bloggers criticizing NDTV |
===Employment===
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| first=Cathrine|title=Blogger beware!|work=The Guardian|date=April 2, 2007|access-date=April 2, 2007 | ___location=London}}</ref> In 2009, a controversial and landmark decision by [[David Eady|The Hon. Mr Justice Eady]] refused to grant an order to protect the anonymity of [[Richard Horton (blogger)|Richard Horton]]. Horton was a police officer in the United Kingdom who blogged about his job under the name "NightJack".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article6509677.ece |title=Ruling on NightJack author Richard Horton kills blogger anonymity |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829142604/http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article6509677.ece |archive-date=August 29, 2011}}</ref>
[[Delta Air Lines]] fired [[flight attendant]] [[Ellen Simonetti]] because she posted photographs of herself in uniform on an aeroplane and because of comments posted on her blog "Queen of Sky: Diary of a Flight Attendant" which the employer deemed inappropriate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3974081.stm|last=Twist|first=Jo|title=US Blogger Fired by her Airline|
In early 2006, Erik Ringmar, a senior lecturer at the [[London School of Economics]], was ordered by the convenor of his department to "take down and destroy" his blog in which he discussed the quality of education at the school.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/news/story/0,,1766663,00.html|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Lecturer's Blog Sparks Free Speech Row|date=May 3, 2006|access-date=June 5, 2008|___location=London|first=Donald|last=MacLeod|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612093856/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/news/story/0%2C%2C1766663%2C00.html|archive-date=June 12, 2008|url-status=dead}} See also {{cite web |url=http://ringmar.net/forgethefootnotes/ |title=Forget the Footnotes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060413192035/http://ringmar.net/forgethefootnotes/ |archive-date=April 13, 2006 }}</ref>
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In India, blogger Gaurav Sabnis resigned from [[IBM]] after his posts questioned the claims made by a management school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=152721 |title=Bloggers join hands against B-school |work=The Indian Express |access-date=January 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214164021/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=152721 |archive-date=December 14, 2005 }}</ref> [[Jessica Cutler]], aka "The Washingtonienne", blogged about her sex life while employed as a congressional assistant. After the blog was discovered and she was fired,<ref>
{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A48909-2004May22.html|title=The Hill's Sex Diarist Reveals All (Well, Some)|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=May 23, 2004|access-date=June 5, 2008}}</ref> she wrote a novel based on her experiences and blog: ''The Washingtonienne: A Novel''. {{as of|2006}}, Cutler is being sued by one of her former lovers in a case that could establish the extent to which bloggers are obligated to protect the privacy of their real life associates.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16366256|title= Steamy D.C. Sex Blog Scandal Heads to Court|
Catherine Sanderson, a.k.a. [[Petite Anglaise]], lost her job in Paris at a British accountancy firm because of blogging.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/07/19/france.blog/index.html?section=cnn_tech
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Blogging can sometimes have unforeseen consequences in politically sensitive areas. In some countries, [[Internet police]] or [[secret police]] may monitor blogs and arrest blog authors or commentators. Blogs can be much harder to control than broadcast or print media because a person can create a blog whose authorship is hard to trace by using anonymity technology such as [[Tor (network)|Tor]]. As a result, [[totalitarianism|totalitarian]] and [[authoritarianism|authoritarian]] regimes often seek to suppress blogs and punish those who maintain them.
In Singapore, two ethnic Chinese individuals were [[imprisoned]] under the country's [[Sedition Act (Singapore)|anti-sedition law]] for posting [[Islamophobia|anti-Muslim]] remarks in their blogs.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kierkegaard|first=Sylvia|author-link=Sylvia Kierkegaard|year=2006|doi=10.1016/j.clsr.2006.01.002|title=Blogs, lies and the doocing: The next hotbed of litigation?|journal=Computer Law & Security Report|volume=22|issue=2|page=127 |issn=0267-3649}}</ref> Egyptian blogger [[Kareem Amer]] was charged with insulting the Egyptian president [[Hosni Mubarak]] and an [[Islam]]ic [[Al-Azhar University|institution]] through his blog. It is the first time in the history of Egypt that a blogger was prosecuted. After a brief trial session that took place in [[Alexandria]], the blogger was found guilty and sentenced to prison terms of three years for insulting [[Islam]] and inciting sedition and one year for insulting Mubarak.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6385849.stm|title=Egypt blogger jailed for insult|
After expressing opinions in his personal blog about the state of the Sudanese armed forces, [[Jan Pronk]], United Nations Special Representative for [[Sudan]], was given three days notice to leave Sudan. The Sudanese army had demanded his deportation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/10/22/sudan.darfur.un/index.html|title=Sudan expels U.N. envoy for blog|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=October 22, 2006|access-date=March 14, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = UN envoy leaves after Sudan row | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6076022.stm | work = BBC News | publisher = BBC | date = October 23, 2006 | access-date = October 24, 2006}}</ref> In [[Myanmar]], Nay Phone Latt, a blogger, was sentenced to 20 years in jail for posting a cartoon critical of head of state [[Than Shwe]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7721271.stm |
===Personal safety===
{{See also|Cyberstalking|Internet homicide}}
One consequence of blogging is the possibility of online or in-person attacks or threats against the blogger, sometimes without apparent reason. In some cases, bloggers have faced [[cyberbullying]]. [[Kathy Sierra]], author of the blog "Creating Passionate Users",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://headrush.typepad.com/ |title=Headrush.typepad.com |
==See also==
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