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==== Weight-driven clocks ====
Bolter credits the invention of the weight-driven clock as "the key invention [of [[Europe in the middle ages|Europe in the Middle Ages]]]," specifically the [[verge escapement]] mechanism<ref>Bolter 1984:24</ref> producing the tick and tock of a mechanical clock. "The accurate automatic machine"<ref>Bolter 1984:26</ref> led immediately to "mechanical [[automata theory|automata]]" in the 13th century and "computational machines"—the [[difference engine|difference]] and [[analytical engine]]s of [[Charles Babbage]] and [[Ada Lovelace]] in the mid-19th century.<ref>Bolter 1984:33–34, 204–206.</ref> Lovelace designed the first algorithm intended for processing on a computer, Babbage's analytical engine, which is the first device considered a real [[Turing-complete]] computer instead of just a [[calculator]]. Although a full implementation of Babbage's second device was not realized for decades after her lifetime, Lovelace has been called "history's first programmer".
==== Electromechanical relay ====
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