Wave function collapse: Difference between revisions

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|doi=10.3390/e19100513|bibcode=2017Entrp..19..513J |doi-access=free }}</ref> Niels Bohr also repeatedly cautioned that we must give up a "pictorial representation", and perhaps also interpreted collapse as a formal, not physical, process.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Niels Bohr on the wave function and the classical/quantum divide |author=Henrik Zinkernagel |year=2016 |doi=10.1016/j.shpsb.2015.11.001 |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics |volume=53 |pages=9–19 |arxiv = 1603.00353|bibcode=2016SHPMP..53....9Z |s2cid=18890207 |quote=We can thus say that, for Bohr, the collapse is not physical in the sense of a physical wave (or something else) collapsing at a point. But it is a description – in fact the best, or most complete, description – of something happening, namely the formation of a measurement record (e.g. a dot on a photographic plate).}}</ref>
 
The "Copenhagen" model espoused by Heisenberg and Bohr separated the quantum system from the classical measurement apparatus. In 1932
von Neumann took a more formal approach, developing an "ideal" measurement scheme<ref name=HartleQMCosmology>Hartle, James B. [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.12246.pdf "The quantum mechanics of cosmology."] Notes from the lectures by the author at the 7th Jerusalem Winter School 1990 on Quantum Cosmology and Baby Universes. arXiv:1805.12246 (2018).</ref><ref name=SchlosshauerReview>{{Cite book |last=Schlosshauer |first=Maximilian |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.76.1267 |title=Decoherence, the measurement problem, and interpretations of quantum mechanics |date=2005-02-23 |volume=76 |pages=1267–1305 |language=en |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.76.1267 |issn=0034-6861}}</ref>{{rp|1270|q=Note that von Neumann’s scheme is in sharp contrast to the Copenhagen interpretation, where measurement is not treated as a system-apparatus interaction described by the usual quantum-mechanical formalism, but instead as an independent component of the theory, to be represented entirely in fundamentally classical terms.}} that postulated that there were two processes of wave function change: