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=== Hard disk drive FDE ===
Usually referred to as '''self-encrypting drive''' ('''SED''').
HDD FDE is made by HDD vendors using the [[Opal Storage Specification|OPAL]] and Enterprise standards developed by the [[Trusted Computing Group]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/solutions/data_protection |title=Trusted Computing Group Data Protection page |publisher=Trustedcomputinggroup.org |date= |access-date=2013-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915073808/http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/solutions/data_protection |archive-date=2012-09-15 }}</ref> [[Key management]] takes place within the hard disk controller and encryption keys are 128 or 256 [[bit]] [[Advanced Encryption Standard]] (AES) keys. [[Authentication]] on power up of the drive must still take place within the [[Central processing unit|CPU]] via either a [[software]] [[pre-boot authentication]] environment (i.e., with a [[Disk encryption software|software-based full disk encryption]] component - hybrid full disk encryption) or with a [[BIOS]] password. In additions, some SEDs are support [[IEEE 1667]] standard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Value of Crucial Hardware Encryption |url=https://eu.crucial.com/support/hardware-encryption |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Crucial |language=en}}</ref>
[[Hitachi]], [[Micron Technology|Micron]], [[Seagate Technology|Seagate]], [[Samsung]], and [[Toshiba]] are the disk drive manufacturers offering [[Trusted Computing Group]] [[Opal Storage Specification]] [[Serial ATA]] drives. HDDs have become a commodity so SED allow drive manufacturers to maintain revenue.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Skamarock |first1=Anne |title=Is Storage a commodity |url=https://www.itworld.com/article/2799690/is-storage-a-commodity-.html |website=ITWorld.com |publisher=Network World |accessdate=2020-05-22 |date=2020-02-21}}</ref> Older technologies include the proprietary Seagate DriveTrust, and the older, and less secure, [[Parallel ATA|PATA]] Security command standard shipped by all drive makers including [[Western Digital]]. Enterprise SAS versions of the TCG standard are called "TCG Enterprise" drives.
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