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{{short description|Linux kernel–based operating system developed by LG, previously Palm and HP}}
{{Lowercase title}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox OS
| name = webOS
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| license = [[Apache License]]
| website = {{URL|http://webosose.org|Open-source website}}<br />{{URL|http://webostv.developer.lge.com|Developer website}}
| programmed_in = [[C++]], [[Qt (software)|Qt]]<ref>{{cite web|title=QtWS15- Bringing LG webOS and Qt to millions of smartTVs | website=[[YouTube]] | date=
| kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]])
| supported_platforms = [[ARM architecture|ARM]]
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| preceded by = [[Palm OS]] (phones)<br>[[NetCast]] (smart TVs)
}}
'''webOS''', also known as '''LG webOS''' and previously known as '''Open webOS,''' '''HP webOS''' and '''Palm webOS''',<ref>{{cite web |title=HP webOS Developer FAQ |url=https://developer.palm.com/content/resources/develop/faq.html#c31712 |publisher=Palm, Inc. |access-date=
The operating system was later sold to [[LG Electronics]], and was made primarily a [[List of smart TV platforms and middleware software|smart TV operating system]] for [[LG televisions]] as a successor to [[NetCast]]. In January 2014, [[Qualcomm]] announced that it had acquired technology patents from HP, which included all the webOS and Palm patents; LG licenses them to use in their devices.
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In April 2010, HP acquired Palm. The acquisition of Palm was initiated while [[Mark Hurd]] was CEO, however he resigned shortly after the acquisition was completed. Later, webOS was described by new HP CEO [[Leo Apotheker]] as a key asset and motivation for the purchase. The $1.2 billion acquisition was finalized in June. HP indicated its intention to develop the webOS platform for use in multiple new products, including smartphones, tablets, and [[printer (computing)|printers]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last= Bajarin|first=Ben|title=HP Is Committed to Its 'webOS' Platform (and It Should Be).|series=TechLand|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|publisher=Time Inc.|date=June 30, 2011|url=https://techland.time.com/2011/06/30/hp-is-committed-to-its-webos-platform-and-it-should-be/#ixzz1QshLqoCZ |access-date= November 27, 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Jon Rubinstein & Todd Bradley.jpg|thumb|HP executives demonstrating webOS devices in 2011|228x228px]]In February 2011, HP announced that it would use webOS as the universal platform for all its devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/hp-snubs-windows-plans-to-integrate-webos-into-pcs|title=HP snubs Windows, plans to integrate webOS into PCs |publisher=Digital Trends|date=February 9, 2011|access-date=June 14, 2013}}</ref> However, HP also made the decision<ref name="HPThanks">{{cite web|url=http://blog.palm.com/palm/2011/02/thanks-really-for-the-feedback.html|title=Thanks (really!) for the feedback|publisher=Hewlett Packard|access-date=February 14, 2011
In March 2011, HP announced plans for a version of webOS by the end of 2011 to run within [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]],<ref>{{cite news|last= Hollister|first=Sean|title=HP TouchPad coming June, webOS for PC beta by year's end|work= Engadget|publisher=AOL Inc.|date=March 14, 2011|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/03/14/hp-touchpad-coming-june-webos-for-pc-beta-by-years-end|access-date=November 27, 2013}}</ref> and to be installed on all HP desktop and notebook computers in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apotheker Seeks to Save HP's 'Lost Soul' With Software Growth|work=BusinessWeek|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|date=March 9, 2011|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-03-09/apotheker-seeks-to-save-hp-s-lost-soul-with-software-growth.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311121717/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-03-09/apotheker-seeks-to-save-hp-s-lost-soul-with-software-growth.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 11, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2011}}</ref> Neither ever materialized, although work had begun on an x86 port around this time involving a team in [[Fort Collins, Colorado]]; work was scrapped later in the year.{{citation needed|date= November 2016}}
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On June 6, 2009, webOS launched on the [[Palm Pre]] with 18 available apps. The number of apps grew to 30 by June 17, 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/18/palm-pre-prepared-for-the-spotlight|title=Palm Pre Prepared For The Spotlight?|last=Barletta|first=Bryan|date=June 18, 2009|publisher=Medialets, Inc.|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110224906/http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/18/palm-pre-prepared-for-the-spotlight|url-status=dead}}</ref> with 1 million cumulative downloads by June 27, 2009;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/24/palm-pre-app-catalog-reaches-1-million-downloads|title=Palm Pre App Catalog Reaches 1 Million Downloads|author=Barletta, Bryan|date=June 24, 2009|publisher=Medialets, Inc.|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110172050/http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/24/palm-pre-app-catalog-reaches-1-million-downloads|url-status=dead}}</ref> 30 official and 31 unofficial apps by July 13, 2009;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.precentral.net/palm-pre-homebrew-31-apps-official-app-catalog-30|title=Palm Pre Homebrew: 31 Apps. Official App Catalog: 30|author=Bohn, Dieter|date=July 10, 2009|work=PreCentral.net|publisher=Smartphone Experts|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=October 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006124502/http://www.precentral.net/palm-pre-homebrew-31-apps-official-app-catalog-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1,000 official apps by January 1, 2010;<ref>{{cite web|last=Werlinger|first=Robert|title=App Catalog Hits 1000 apps|publisher=webOS Nation|date=January 1, 2010|url=http://www.precentral.net/app-catalog-hits-1000-apps|access-date=April 27, 2012|archive-date=October 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006124724/http://www.precentral.net/app-catalog-hits-1000-apps|url-status=dead}}</ref> 4,000 official apps September 29, 2010;<ref>{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Dieter|title=webOS surpasses 5,000 apps|publisher= webOS Nation |date=September 29, 2010|url=http://www.webosnation.com/webos-surpasses-5-000-apps|access-date=April 27, 2012}}</ref> and 10,002 official apps on December 9, 2011.<ref>[http://www.webosnation.com/touchpad-breaks-1000-app-milestone Touchpad breaks 1,000 app milestone]. webOSNation.com, December 9, 2011.</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2024}}
Subsequently, the number of available apps decreased because many apps were withdrawn from the App Catalog by their owners. Examples include the apps for ''[[The New York Times]]'' and [[Pandora Radio]]. After a Catalog splash screen on November 11, 2014, announcing its deprecation, the HP App Catalog servers were permanently shut down on March 15, 2015. The number of functional apps remaining at that time is unknown but was probably much lower due to the imminent abandonment of the project.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/6/5/3062611/palm-webos-hp-inside-story-pre-postmortem|title=Pre to postmortem: the inside story of the death of Palm and webOS|last=Ziegler|first=Chris|date=June 5, 2012
=== 2013–present: Acquisition by LG; open-source edition launch ===
On February 25, 2013, HP announced that it was selling webOS to [[LG Electronics]] for use on its web-enabled [[smart TV]]s, replacing its previous NetCast platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webosnation.com/gram-working-lg-open-webos-tv|title=Gram working with LG on an Open webOS TV|work=webOS Nation|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=1375489#.USvx7qK-q2E|title=LG Electronics Acquires webOS from HP to Enhance Smart TV|work=Press Release: February 25, 2013|publisher=Hewlett-Packard|date=February 25, 2013|access-date=June 14, 2013}}</ref> Under the agreement LG Electronics owns the documentation, source code, developers and all related websites. However, HP would still hold on to patents from Palm as well as cloud-based services such as the App Catalog.<ref>{{cite news|title=HP offloads Palm webOS assets to Korea's LG|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-21587666|work=[[BBC News]]|date=
As well as its use as an OS for smart TVs, LG has expanded its use to various [[Internet of things]] devices. As a starting point, LG showcased a LG Wearable Platform OS (webOS) smartwatch in early 2015.<ref>{{cite web|first=Nilay | last= Patel|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/2/25/4027814/hp-emerges-as-big-winner-in-webos-sale|title=HP emerges as big winner in webOS sale|work=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|date=February 25, 2013|access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref>
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==Features==
The webOS mobile platform introduced some innovative features, such as the cards interface and the gesture navigation, that are now standard in mobile operating systems such as [[iOS]], [[Windows Phone]], and [[Android (operating system)|Android]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/06/12/jon-rubinstein-os-x-and-ios-7-borrow-features-from-webos/|title=Jon Rubinstein: OS X and iOS 7 borrow features from webOS|website=Engadget|date=
| direction = vertical
| width = 180
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On HP webOS, officially vetted third-party apps are accessible to be installed on the device from the HP App Catalog.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palm.com/us/products/software/mobile-applications.html|title=HP webOS official website|publisher=Palm, Inc.|access-date=June 14, 2013|archive-date=May 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526011335/http://www.palm.com/us/products/software/mobile-applications.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
As HP webOS replaced [[Palm OS]], Palm commissioned MotionApps to code and develop an [[emulator]] called Classic, to enable backward compatibility to Palm OS apps. This operates with webOS version 1.0. Palm OS emulation was discontinued in WebOS version 2.0.<ref>Derek Kessler. October 25, 2010.[http://www.precentral.net/webos-20-pushes-classic-palm-os-emulator-out-pictureWith WebOS 2.0, MotionApps drops Classic PalmOS Emulator in Palm's lap.]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> MotionApps disengaged from Classic in 2010, citing HP Palm as "disruptive."<ref>MotionApps. October 25, 2010.[http://www.motionapps.com/classic Classic's Got a Brand New Home! MotionApps Hands Classic Over to Palm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224080058/http://www.motionapps.com/classic/ |date=
Another source of [[application software|applications]] is [[Homebrew (video games)|homebrew software]].<ref name="Homebrew20110129">Precentral (precentral.net). [http://www.precentral.net/homebrew-apps Homebrew Apps] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130112094721/http://www.precentral.net/homebrew-apps |date=
====Developer Mode====
Developer mode allows for developer access of the device, and is also used for digital forensic investigations. It can be accessed by typing ''webos20090606'' on the device’s keyboard, or on some devices typing ''upupdowndownleftrightleftrightbastart'' (a reference to the [[Konami code]]) on the cards view. Once in developer mode, data on the system partition can be accessed freely, even if the device was locked.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Casey |first1=Eoghan |last2=Cheval |first2=Adrien |last3=Lee |first3=Jong Yeon |last4=Oxley |first4=David |last5=Song |first5=Yong Jun |title=Forensic acquisition and analysis of palm webOS on mobile devices |journal=Digital Investigation |date=
=== LG webOS ===
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|[[Palm Pre]]
Pre Plus
|June 6, 2009,
January 25, 2010
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-the-palm-pre-2011-8|title=The Short, Sad, And Painful History Of The Palm Pre|work=Business Insider|access-date=
|-
|[[Palm Pixi]]
Pixi Plus
|November 15, 2009,
January 7, 2010
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2248309/smartphones/meet-the-palm-pixi--the-newest-webos-smartphone.html|title=Meet the Palm Pixi: The Newest webOS Smartphone|last=Mies|first=Ginny|work=Network World|access-date=June 24, 2018
|-
|[[Palm Pre 2]]
|October 22, 2010
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/01/06/review_smartphone_palm_pre_2/|title=Palm Pre 2 WebOS 2.0 smartphone|access-date=
|-
|[[HP Veer]]
|August 18, 2011
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/227377/hp_veer_4g_att.html|title=HP Veer 4G: A Supercompact WebOS Phone|work=PCWorld|access-date=
|-
|[[HP Pre 3]]
|August 18, 2011
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/09/24/pre-3-for-atandt-review/|title=Pre 3 for AT&T review|work=Engadget|access-date=
|-
|WindsorNot
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|Canceled}}
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/2/5264580/the-lost-secrets-of-webos|title=The lost secrets of webOS|work=The Verge|access-date=
|-
|Mako
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|[[HP TouchPad]]
|July 1, 2011
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gizmodo.com/5756098/hp-touchpad-is-their-10-inch-webos-tablet|title=HP TouchPad Is Their 10-inch webOS Tablet|last=Chen|first=Jason|work=Gizmodo|access-date=
|-
|[[HP TouchPad#Other models|HP TouchPad Go]]
| rowspan="3" {{n/a|Canceled}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/products/touchpad-go/3998|title=TouchPad Go {{!}} HP - The Verge|website=www.theverge.com|access-date=June 24, 2018
|-
|Sapphire
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|LG smart TV models
| rowspan="3" {{varies}}
|<ref name="LG-Smart-TVs2">{{cite web|url=http://www.lg.com/us/experience-tvs/smart-tv/use|title=LG webOS TV Smart+|website=LG.com|publisher=LG Corporation|access-date=August 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2017/01/03/lgs-webos-smart-tv-system-just-got-even-better/|title=LG's WebOS Smart TV System Just Got Even Better|last=Archer|first=John|work=Forbes|access-date=
|-
|LG smart laser projector
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/5/31/15719160/lg-probeam-laser-projector-hf80ja|title=LG has released an affordable laser projector|work=The Verge|access-date=
|-
|
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|LG smart fridge models
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/1/7/16860260/lg-instaview-thinq-smart-refrigerator-webos-alexa-home-ces-2018|title=LG's new smart fridge features a transparent 29-inch touchscreen|work=The Verge|access-date=
|-
|Watches
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|Hyundai smart TV models
|Unknown
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smart TV WebOs 60" definición 4k |url=https://tiendahyundai.com.co/producto/smart-tv-web-os-hub-60-4k-asistente-de-voz/ |access-date=
|}
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{{Commons category}}
*[https://webosose.org webOS Open Source Edition (LG)]
*[https://swsolutions.lge.com LG Software Solutions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812091142/https://swsolutions.lge.com/ |date=
*[https://webos.developer.lge.com webOS Developer Center]
*[https://webostv.developer.lge.com/ LG webOS TV Developer Center]
* [https://www.lgwebos.co.il/ LG webOS TV Israel]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20211130034118/http://webosauto.swsolutions.lge.com/ webOS Auto Developer Center]
*[https://www.webos-internals.org webOS Internals Wiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324172642/http://webos-internals.org/ |date=
{{Television and Home theater operating systems}}{{Mobile operating systems}}
{{LG Electronics}}
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