These problems are used to test nearly every newly proposed synchronization scheme or primitive.
=== Overhead ===
MergingSynchronization overheads can significantly impact performance in [[parallel computing]] environments, where merging data from twomultiple processes can often incur significantlycosts highersubstantially costshigher—often comparedby totwo or more orders of magnitude—than processing the same data on a single thread, potentially by two or more orders of magnitudeprimarily due to overheadsthe suchadditional asoverhead of [[inter-process communication]] and synchronization mechanisms. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Operating System Concepts |isbn=978-0470128725}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Computer Organization and Design MIPS Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Architecture and Design) |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann |isbn=978-0124077263}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Parallel Programming: Techniques and Applications Using Networked Workstations and Parallel Computers |publisher=Pearson |isbn=978-0131405639}}</ref>
