IBM Generalized Markup Language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:56, 27 February 2024

Revision as of 21:33, 24 November 2024

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GML was developed in 1969 and the early 1970s by [[Charles Goldfarb]], [[Edward Mosher]] and [[Raymond Lorie]] (whose surname initials were used by Goldfarb to make up the term GML).<ref name="TheRootsOfSgml">{{cite web|url=http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/roots.htm|year=1996|title=The Roots of SGML - A Personal Recollection|author=Charles F. Goldfarb|accessdate=2007-07-07|archive-date=2012-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220071917/http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/roots.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Using GML, a document is [[Markup (computing)|marked up]] with tags that define what the [[Character (computing)|text]] is, in terms of [[paragraph]]s, [[Page header|header]]s, [[List (composition)|list]]s, [[Table (information)#Tables as features offered by application programs|table]]s, and so forth. The document can then be automatically formatted for various [[Peripheral device|device]]s simply by specifying a profile for the device. For example, it is possible to format a document for a [[laser printer]] or a line ([[dot-matrix printer|dot matrix]]) printer or for a screen simply by specifying a profile for the device, without changing the document itself.

The [[Standard Generalized Markup Language]] (SGML), an [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]-standard technology for defining generalized [[markup language]]s for documents, is descended from GML.<ref name="TheRootsOfSgml"/> The [[XML|Extensible Markup Language]] (XML) was initially a streamlined and simplified development of SGML, but has outgrown its parent in terms of worldwide acceptance and support.

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In the early 1980s, IBM developed a dedicated publishing tool called Information Structure Identification Language (ISIL) based on GML. ISIL was used to generate much of IBM documentation for the IBM PC and other products at this time. In the late 1980s, a commercial product called BookMaster was developed, based mostly on ISIL.

During the early 1980s, Don Williams at IBM developed DWScript to use the SCRIPT/VS on the IBM PC.<ref>DWScript - Document Composition Facility for the IBM Personal Computer Version 4.6 Updates, DW-04167, Nov 8th, 1985</ref> In 1986, he developed a PC version of ISIL called DWISIL. These products were used only internally at IBM.

IBM uses GML as description language on [[IBM i]] and predecessors for objects called "panel groups". Panel groups can present just formatted help text to the user when pressing the help key (often F1), resemble the typical IBM i menus with embedded help texts, or complete application displays with input/output fields, and other [[Text-based user interface|TUI]] elements being formatted on screen according to [[IBM Common User Access|IBM CUA Standards]]. The overall facility is called User Interface Manager (UIM) and documented in ''Application Display Programming''.

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* {{cite web |title=GML Starter Set Tag Reference |publisher=IBM |url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/2.1.0?topic=books-appendix-c-gml-starter-set-tag-reference}}

* {{cite web |title=Creating help text using UIM |date=2017 |publisher=RPGPGM.com |url=https://www.rpgpgm.com/2017/02/creating-help-text-using-uim.html}}

* {{cite web |title=Application Display Programming (SC41-5715) |date=2006 |publisher=IBM |url=https://www.ibm.com/resources/publications/OutputPubsDetails?PubID=SC41571501}}

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