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Fix terminology: change "oxygen canisters" to "oxygen cylinders" / "oxygen generators", excepting ValuJet Flight 592, where the incorrect term was a factor in the accident |
Dmoore5556 (talk | contribs) group submarine content and add USS ''New Hampshire'' |
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[[potassium chlorate|Potassium]] and [[lithium chlorate]], and [[sodium perchlorate|sodium]], [[potassium perchlorate|potassium]] and [[lithium perchlorate]]s can also be used in oxygen candles.
An explosion caused by one of these candles killed two Royal Navy sailors on {{HMS|Tireless|S88}}, a nuclear-powered submarine, under the Arctic on 21 March 2007.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=C. W.|title=Degraded Modes and the 'Culture of Coping' in Military Operations: An Analysis of a Fatal Incident on-board HMS Tireless on 20/21 March 2007|url=http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~johnson/papers/JWSSC2009/Degraded_Modes.pdf}}</ref> The candle had become contaminated with hydraulic oil, which caused the mixture to explode rather than burn.<ref>{{cite web |title = 'Oxygen candle' caused explosion| url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/03/22/sub_blast_oxy_candle/ | publisher = The Register | last = Page | first = Lewis | date = 22 March 2007 | accessdate = 2013-09-04 }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2024}}▼
In the [[Vika oxygen generator]] used on some spacecraft, [[lithium perchlorate]] is the source of [[oxygen]]. At {{convert|400|°C|°F|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}, it releases 60% of its weight as [[oxygen]]:<ref>{{cite journal|title=Lithium Perchlorate Oxygen Candle. Pyrochemical Source of Pure Oxygen|author1=M. M. Markowitz |author2=D. A. Boryta |author3=Harvey Stewart Jr. |journal=Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.|year=1964|volume=3|issue=4|pages=321–330
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Chemical oxygen generators are used in [[aircraft]], breathing apparatus for [[firefighter]]s and mine rescue crews, [[submarine]]s, and everywhere a compact emergency oxygen generator with long shelf life is needed. They usually contain a device for absorption of [[carbon dioxide]], sometimes a filter filled with [[lithium hydroxide]]; a kilogram of LiOH absorbs about half a kilogram of CO<sub>2</sub>.
*Self-contained oxygen generators (SCOGs) are used in submarines.
** They were successfully used by the [[USS New Hampshire (SSN-778)|USS ''New Hampshire'']], an American nuclear-powered submarine, in March 2011 when the submarine suffered an oxygen generator failure while under the [[Arctic ice cap]].<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-unitedtechnologies-submarine-idUSTRE72K7U420110321 | work=Reuters | title=Exclusive: UTC-built oxygen generator fails on U.S. submarine | date=21 March 2011 |access-date=21 February 2021 }}</ref>
▲** An explosion caused by
*[[Self-contained self-rescue device]]s (SCSRs) are used to facilitate escape from [[mining|mines]].
*On the [[International Space Station]], chemical oxygen generators are used as a backup supply. Each Vika oxygen generator can produce enough oxygen for one crewmember for one day.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barry|first=Patrick|title=Breathing Easy on the Space Station|url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2000/ast13nov_1/|accessdate=9 September 2012|year=2000|publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]|archive-date=11 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311204439/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2000/ast13nov_1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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