Design methods: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:44, 5 December 2024

Revision as of 18:33, 6 December 2024

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==Background==

Design methods originated in new approaches to [[problem solving]] developed in the mid-20th Century, and also in response to industrialisation and mass-production, which changed the nature of designing.<ref>Cross, N. (1993) "A History Of Design Methodology", in de Vries, J., N. Cross and D. P. Grant (eds.), ''Design Methodology and Relationships with Science'', Kluwer Press, The Netherlands. 15–27.</ref> A "Conference on Systematic and Intuitive Methods in Engineering, Industrial Design, Architecture and Communications", held in London in 1962<ref>Jones, J. C. and D. G. Thornley, (eds) (1963) ''Conference on Design Methods'', Pergamon Press, UK.</ref> is regarded as a key event marking the beginning of what became known within design studies as the "design methods movement", leading to the founding of the [[Design Research Society]] and influencing design education and practice. Leading figures in this movement in the UK were [[John Christopher Jones|J. Christopher Jones]] at the [[University of Manchester]] and [[L. Bruce Archer]] at the [[Royal College of Art]]. These pioneers emphasized the importance of integrating scientific and systematic approaches with creative and intuitive processes to address complex design challenges in a rapidly changing world.

The movement developed through further conferences on new design methods in the UK and USA in the 1960s.<ref>Gregory, S. A. (ed.) ''The Design Method''. Butterworth, UK.</ref><ref>Broadbent, G. and A. Ward (eds) (1969) ''Design Methods in Architecture'', Lund Humphries, UK</ref><ref>Moore, G. T. (ed.) (1970) ''Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning'', MIT Press, USA.</ref> The first books on rational design methods,<ref>Asimow, M. (1962) ''Introduction to Design'', Prentice-Hall, USA.</ref><ref>Alexander, C. (1964) ''Notes on the Synthesis of Form'', Harvard University Press, USA.</ref><ref>Archer, L. B. (1965) ''Systematic Method for Designers'', The Design Council, UK</ref> and on creative methods<ref>Gordon, W. J. (1961) ''Synectics'', Harper & Row, USA.</ref><ref>Osborn, A. F. (1963) ''Applied Imagination: Principles and Procedures of Creative Thinking'', Scribener's Sons, USA.</ref> also appeared in this period.