History of Microsoft SQL Server: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 06:15, 9 December 2024

Revision as of 11:34, 14 December 2024

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===SQL Server 2005===

SQL Server 2005 (formerly codenamed "Yukon") was released in November 2005, introducing native support for [[x86-64|x64]] systems and updates to Reporting Services, Analysis Services & Integration Services.<ref name="The Definitive Guide to Scaling Out SQL Server 2005">{{cite book |author=Don Jones |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhkaNTEGCdgC&pg=PA218 |title=The Definitive Guide to Scaling Out SQL Server 2005 Edition |publisher=realtimepublishers.com |year=2005 |isbn=9781931491532}}</ref>. It included native support for managing [[XML]] data, in addition to [[relational database|relational data]]. For this purpose, it defined an <code>xml</code> [[data type]] that could be used either as a data type in database columns or as [[Literal (computer science)|literal]]s in queries. XML columns can be associated with [[XSD]] schemas; XML data being stored is verified against the schema. XML data is queried using [[XQuery]]; SQL Server 2005 added some extensions to the [[T-SQL]] language to allow embedding XQuery queries in T-SQL. It also defines a new extension to XQuery, called XML DML, that allows query-based modifications to XML data. SQL Server 2005 also allows a database server to be exposed over [[web service]]s using [[Tabular Data Stream]] (TDS) packets encapsulated within [[SOAP]] requests. When the data is accessed over web services, results are returned as XML.<ref name="Database Engine XML Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms170809.aspx|title=Database Engine XML Enhancements|accessdate=December 3, 2007}}</ref>

[[Common Language Runtime]] (CLR) integration was introduced with this version, enabling one to write SQL code as Managed Code by the CLR. For relational data, [[T-SQL]] has been augmented with error handling features (try/catch) and support for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table Expressions). SQL Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. Data pages are [[checksum]]med for better error resiliency, and optimistic concurrency support has been added for better performance. Permissions and access control have been made more granular and the query processor handles concurrent execution of queries in a more efficient way. Partitions on tables and indexes are supported natively, so scaling out a database onto a [[Cluster (computing)|cluster]] is easier. SQL CLR was introduced with SQL Server 2005 to let it integrate with the .NET Framework.<ref name="Database Engine Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms170910.aspx|title=Database Engine Enhancements|accessdate=December 3, 2007}}</ref>

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* [[Multiversion concurrency control|Multi-Version Concurrency Control]] (MVCC); user facing features include new transaction isolation level called SNAPSHOT and a variation of the READ COMMITTED isolation level based on statement-level data snapshots.

* Multiple Active Results Sets (MARS), a method of allowing usage of [[database connection]]s for multiple purposes.<ref name="MARS">[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms345109(SQL.90).aspx Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS) in SQL Server 2005. retrieved June 20, 2009]</ref>

* DMVs (Dynamic Management Views), specialized views and functions that return server state information that can be used to monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and tune performance.<ref name="Dynamic Management Views and Functions">[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188754.aspx Dynamic Management Views and Functions. retrieved June 6, 2010]</ref>

Service Pack 1 (SP1) was released on April 18, 2006, adding Database Mirroring, a high availability option that provides redundancy and failover capabilities at the database level<ref name="database mirroring">{{cite web |date=November 20, 2007 |title=Issues to consider when you use the database mirroring feature in the initial release of SQL Server 2005 |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/907741 |accessdate=September 4, 2011 |publisher=Support.microsoft.com}}</ref> (Database Mirroring was included in the RTM release of SQL Server 2005, but it was not enabled by default, being supported for evaluation purposes{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}). Failover can be manual or automatic; automatic failover requires a witness partner and an operating mode of synchronous (also known as high-safety or full safety).<ref name="Automatic Failover">{{cite web |title=Automatic Failover |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189590.aspx |accessdate=September 4, 2011 |publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com}}</ref> Service Pack 2 released on February 19, 2007, Service Pack 3 was released on December 15, 2008, and SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 4 released on December 13, 2010.

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===SQL Server 2008 R2===

SQL Server 2008 R2 (10.50.1600.1, formerly codenamed "Kilimanjaro") was announced at TechEd 2009, and was [[released to manufacturing]] on April 21, 2010.<ref name="SQL Server 2008 R2">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.technet.com/sqlserverexperts/archive/2010/04/21/sql-server-2008-r2-launches.aspx|title=SQL Server 2008 R2 Launches!|accessdate=April 21, 2010}}</ref> SQL Server 2008 R2 introduced several new features and services:<ref name="Networkworld">{{cite web |date=May 3, 2010 |title=Review: Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 |url=http://www.networkworld.com/reviews/2010/050310-microsoft-sql-server-2008-test.html?ap1=rcb |accessdate=June 15, 2013 |publisher=Networkworld.com}}</ref>:

* a [[master data management]] system branded as [[Microsoft SQL Server Master Data Services|Master Data Services]], a central management of master data entities and hierarchies;

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* a Data-tier function in Visual Studio that enables packaging of tiered databases as part of an application.

Service Pack 1 (10.50.2500) was released on July 11, 2011,<ref name="SQL Server® 2008 R2 SP1">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=26727|title=Microsoft® SQL Server® 2008 R2 SP1|website=[[Microsoft]]|accessdate=September 19, 2011}}</ref>, Service Pack 2 (10.50.4000) was released on July 26, 2012<ref name="SQL Server® 2008 R2 SP2">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=30437|title=Microsoft® SQL Server® 2008 R2 SP2|website=[[Microsoft]]|accessdate=July 31, 2012}}</ref> and the final service pack, Service Pack 3 (10.50.6000), was released on September 26, 2014.<ref name="SQL Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 3">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlreleaseservices/archive/2014/09/26/sql-server-2008-r2-service-pack-3-has-released.aspx|website=SQL Release Services Blog|title=SQL Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 3 has released|accessdate=October 1, 2014}}</ref>

SQL Server 2008 R2 is the last version of SQL Server to run on [[Itanium]] (IA-64) systems, with extended support for SQL Server on Itanium continuing until 2018. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://rcpmag.com/articles/2010/04/05/microsoft-dropping-itanium-support.aspx|title=Microsoft Dropping Itanium Support -}}</ref>

SQL Server 2008 R2 had mainstream support until July 8, 2014, and extended support until July 9, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2008 R2 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2008-r2|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref> [[volume licensing|Volume licensed]] Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter and Embedded editions of SQL Server 2008 R2 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name="ESU4SQL(Doc)" /> The first term of yearly installment ended on July 14, 2020, the second term ended on July 13, 2021, and the third term ended on July 12, 2022.<ref name="SQL2008ESU(Blog)" /><ref name="Products_with_ESU" /> Volume-licensed editions rehosted on [[Microsoft Azure]] automatically received ESUs until July 11, 2023.<ref name="SQL2012ESU(Reminder)" />

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SQL Server 2014 SP1, consisting primarily of bugfixes, was released on May 15, 2015.<ref name="SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 1">{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 1 release information|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3058865|website=Microsoft.com|publisher=Microsoft, Inc.|accessdate=May 17, 2015}}</ref>

SQL Server 2014 is the last version available for x86/IA-32 systems<ref name="2016 Requirements">{{cite web |date=May 2, 2016 |title=Requirements for Installing SQL Server 2016 |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.130).aspx |accessdate=July 28, 2016 |publisher=msdn.microsoft.com}}</ref> and the final version supported on [[Windows Server 2008 R2]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-30 |title=Hardware and Software Requirements for Installing SQL Server 2014 – esiLaw 360 Knowledge Base |url=https://kb360.esilaw.com/knowledge-base/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server-2014/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>.

SQL Server 2014 had mainstream support until July 9, 2019, and extended support until July 9, 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2014 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/lifecycle/products/sql-server-2014|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref> All volume licensed editions of SQL Server 2014 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2023/09/28/protect-sql-server-2014-workloads-with-azure-flexibility|title=Protect SQL Server 2014 workloads with Azure flexibility|first=Debbi|last=Lyons|date=September 28, 2023|archivedate=October 5, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005210526/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2023/09/28/protect-sql-server-2014-workloads-with-azure-flexibility|website=Microsoft SQL Server Blog|url-status=live}}</ref> The first term of yearly installment will end on July 8, 2025, the second term will end on July 14, 2026, and the third and final term will end on July 12, 2027.<ref name=Products_with_ESU/> Those volume licensed editions rehosted on [[Microsoft Azure]] automatically receive ESUs until July 12, 2027.

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===SQL Server 2017===

Microsoft launched SQL Server 2017 on October 2, 2017, along with support for [[Linux]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/17/how-microsoft-brought-sql-server-to-linux|title=How Microsoft brought SQL Server to Linux|last=Lardinois|first=Frederic|date=July 17, 2017|website=TechCrunch|publisher=Oath Inc.|accessdate=September 5, 2017|quote=The company today launched the first release candidate of SQL Server 2017, which will be the first version to run on Windows, Linux and in Docker containers. The Docker container alone has already seen more than 1 million pulls, so there can be no doubt that there is a lot of interest in this new version.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/dataplatforminsider/2017/10/02/sql-server-2017-on-windows-linux-and-docker-is-now-generally-available/|title=SQL Server 2017 on Windows Linux and Docker is now generally available|date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> This is the final release supporting [[Windows Server 2012]] and [[windows Server 2012 R2|2012 R2]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=MikeRayMSFT |date=2024-09-16 |title=SQL Server 2016 & 2017: Hardware & software requirements - SQL Server |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server?view=sql-server-ver16#operating-system-support-for-sql-server-2017 |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=learn.microsoft.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MikeRayMSFT |date=2024-09-17 |title=SQL Server 2019: Hardware & software requirements - SQL Server |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server-2019?view=sql-server-ver16 |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=learn.microsoft.com |language=en-us}}</ref>.

===SQL Server 2019===