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'''Liver function tests''' ('''LFTs''' or '''LFs'''), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's [[liver]].<ref name="Lee2009">{{cite book|last=Lee|first=Mary|title=Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUSIRcV_as0C&pg=PA259|access-date=5 August 2011|date=2009-03-10|publisher=ASHP|isbn=978-1-58528-180-0|page=259}}</ref> These tests include [[prothrombin time]] (PT/INR), [[activated Partial Thromboplastin Time|activated partial thromboplastin time]] (aPTT), [[albumin]], [[bilirubin]] (direct and indirect), and others. The liver transaminases [[Aspartate transaminase|aspartate transaminase (AST or SGOT)]] and [[Alanine transaminase|alanine transaminase (ALT or SGPT)]] are useful biomarkers of liver injury in a patient with some degree of intact liver function.<ref name="pmid10221307">{{cite journal | author = Johnston DE | title = Special considerations in interpreting liver function tests | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 59 | issue = 8 | pages = 2223–30 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10221307 }}</ref><ref name="McClatchey2002">{{cite book|last=McClatchey|first=Kenneth D.|title=Clinical laboratory medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PJVLH1NmQAC&pg=PA288|year=2002|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-683-30751-1|page=288}}</ref><ref name="MengelSchwiebert2005">{{cite book|last1=Mengel|first1=Mark B.|last2=Schwiebert|first2=L. Peter|title=Family medicine: ambulatory care & prevention|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvLo7xvmFo0C&pg=PA268|year=2005|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-142322-9|page=268}}</ref>
Most [[liver disease]]s cause only mild symptoms initially, but these diseases must be detected early. Hepatic (liver) involvement in some diseases can be of crucial importance. This testing is performed on a patient's blood sample. Some tests are associated with functionality (e.g., albumin), some with cellular integrity (e.g., [[transaminase]]), and some with conditions linked to the biliary tract ([[gamma-glutamyl transferase]] and [[alkaline phosphatase]]). Because some of these tests do not measure function, it is more accurate to call these liver chemistries or liver tests rather than liver function tests.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kwo|first1=Paul Y.|last2=Cohen|first2=Stanley M.|last3=Lim|first3=Joseph K.|date=January 2017|title=ACG Clinical Guideline: Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Chemistries|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fajg.2016.517|journal= American Journal of Gastroenterology|language=en-US|volume=112|issue=1|pages=18–35|doi=10.1038/ajg.2016.517|pmid=27995906|s2cid=23788795|issn=0002-9270}}</ref>
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