Computer mouse: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:12, 12 December 2024

Revision as of 23:23, 20 December 2024

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[[File:HawleyMarkIImice.jpg|thumb|left|Hawley Mark II Mice from the Mouse House]]

The ball is mostly steel, with a precision spherical rubber surface. The weight of the ball, given an appropriate working surface under the mouse, provides a reliable grip so the mouse's movement is transmitted accurately. Ball mice and wheel mice were manufactured for Xerox by Jack Hawley, doing business as The Mouse House in Berkeley, California, starting in 1975.<ref name="hawley">{{cite web |url=http://library.stanford.edu/mac/primary/images/hawley1.html |title=The Xerox Mouse Commercialized |work=Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721013847/http://library.stanford.edu/mac/primary/images/hawley1.html |archive-date=2010-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldmouse.com/mouse/hawley/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405164040/http://www.oldmouse.com/mouse/hawley/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=5 April 2005 |title=Hawley Mark II X063X Mouses |work=oldmouse.com}}</ref> Based on another invention by Jack Hawley, proprietor of the Mouse House, [[Honeywell]] produced another type of mechanical mouse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/Engineering_Graphics/_EG2001/mouse/improvements.html#honeywell |title=Honeywell mechanical mouse |access-date=2007-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428032201/http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/Engineering_Graphics/_EG2001/mouse/improvements.html#honeywell <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2007-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4628755.PN.&OS=PN/4628755&RS=PN/4628755 |title=Honeywell mouse patent |access-date=2007-09-11}}</ref> Instead of a ball, it had two wheels rotating at off axes. [[Key Tronic]] later produced a similar product.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keytronic.com/home/products/specs/2hw73-1es.htm |title=Keytronic 2HW73-1ES Mouse |access-date=2007-01-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927092356/http://www.keytronic.com/home/products/specs/2hw73-1es.htm |archive-date=2007-09-27}}</ref>

Modern computer mice took form at the [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (EPFL) under the inspiration of Professor [[Jean-Daniel Nicoud]] and at the hands of [[engineer]] and [[watchmaker]] [[André Guignard]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Of-Mice-and-Men-and-PCs-43129.shtml |title=Of Mice and Men... and PCs|publisher=News.softpedia.com |date=1970-11-17 |access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> This new design incorporated a single hard rubber mouseball and three buttons, and remained a common design until the mainstream adoption of the scroll-wheel mouse during the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/explorers/interactive/profiles/computer.mouse/content.html |title=Inventions, computer mouse – the CNN site |website=[[CNN]] |access-date=2006-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050424150438/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/explorers/interactive/profiles/computer.mouse/content.html |archive-date=2005-04-24}}</ref> In 1985, [[René Sommer]] added a [[microprocessor]] to Nicoud's and Guignard's design.<ref name="wrs">{{cite news |title=Computer mouse inventor dies in Vaud |url=http://worldradio.ch/wrs/news/wrsnews/computer-mouse-inventor-dies-in-vaud.shtml?16283 |work=[[World Radio Switzerland]] |date=2009-10-14 |access-date=2009-10-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010602/http://worldradio.ch/wrs/news/wrsnews/computer-mouse-inventor-dies-in-vaud.shtml?16283 |archive-date=2011-07-07}}</ref> Through this innovation, Sommer is credited with inventing a significant component of the mouse, which made it more "intelligent";<ref name="wrs" /> though optical mice from [[Mouse Systems]] had incorporated microprocessors by 1984.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |title=People |author-first=Denise |author-last=Caruso |volume=6 |issue=20 |publisher=[[InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.]] |page=16 |issn=0199-6649 |date=1984-05-14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sy4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16}}</ref>

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<ref name="Holland_2019">{{cite web |title="Rollkugel": Erfinder gibt allererste PC-Maus nach Paderborn – Weltweit gibt es nur noch vier Exemplare: Der Erfinder der allerersten Computermaus hat eines der seltenen Geräte nach Nordrhein-Westfalen verschenkt. |language=de |date=2019-05-14 |author-first=Martin |author-last=Holland |work=[[Heise online]] |publisher=[[Heise Verlag]] |url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Rollkugel-Erfinder-gibt-allerste-PC-Maus-nach-Paderborn-4421963.html |access-date=2021-08-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108000058/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Rollkugel-Erfinder-gibt-allerste-PC-Maus-nach-Paderborn-4421963.html |archive-date=2020-11-08 |quote=[…] Mallebrein hatte die Maus für Telefunken entwickelt, das Unternehmen verkaufte sie ab 1968 zusammen mit seinem damaligen Spitzencomputer {{ill|Telefunken TR 440{{!}}TR 440|de|TR 440}}. Allerdings nur 46 Mal, vor allem an Universitäten, der Rechner war mit bis zu 20 Millionen Mark praktisch unerschwinglich teuer, sagt Mallebrein. […] Seine Maus – für 1500 Mark zu haben – geriet in Vergessenheit. Ein Patent gab es auch nicht. "Wegen zu geringer Erfindungshöhe", stand damals im Schreiben des Patentamts, erinnert sich der Senior. "Über Anwendungsmöglichkeiten war damals gar nicht gesprochen worden, nämlich dass die Maus Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion fahren kann." […]}} [https://heise.de/-4421963]<!-- This article erroneously talks about only 4 surviving devices in total, another article mentions a few more: 1 or 4 at Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (Garching/Munich), 1 or 2 at Museum of University Stuttgart, 1 (from RWTH Aachen) at the Computer History Museum in the USA, 1 at Jürgen Müller (Hamburg), 1 at Hamburg University, and possibly 1 owned by someone called "harper". --></ref>

<ref name="Ebner_2018">{{cite news |title=Entwickler aus Singen über die Anfänge der Computermaus: "Wir waren der Zeit voraus" |language=de |trans-title=Singen-based developer about the advent of the computer mouse: "We were ahead of time" |author-first=Susanne |author-last=Ebner |department=Leben und Wissen |date=2018-01-24 |newspaper=[[Südkurier]] |publisher=[[Südkurier GmbH]] |publication-place=Konstanz, Germany |oclc=1184800329 |id={{ZDB|1411183-4}} {{DNB-IDN|019058799}} |url=https://www.suedkurier.de/ueberregional/wissenschaft/Entwickler-aus-Singen-ueber-die-Anfaenge-der-Computermaus-Wir-waren-der-Zeit-voraus;art1350069,9590558 |access-date=2021-08-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302234231/https://www.suedkurier.de/ueberregional/wissenschaft/Entwickler-aus-Singen-ueber-die-Anfaenge-der-Computermaus-Wir-waren-der-Zeit-voraus;art1350069,9590558 |archive-date=2021-03-02}}</ref>

<ref name="OldMouse_Telefunken">{{cite web |title=Telefunken's "Rollkugel" |publisher=oldmouse.com |___location=Missoula, Montana, US |date=2009 |url=http://www.oldmouse.com/mouse/misc/telefunken.shtml |access-date=2021-08-23 |url-status=liveusurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822024815/http://www.oldmouse.com/mouse/misc/telefunken.shtml |archive-date=2021-08-22}}</ref>

<ref name="Steinbach_2018">{{cite interview |title=Oral History of Rainer Mallebrein |language=de, en |author-first=Rainer |author-last=Mallebrein |author-link=:de:Rainer Mallebrein |interviewer-first=Günter |interviewer-last=Steinbach |id=CHM Ref: X8517.2018 |___location=Singen am Hohentwiel, Germany / Mountain View, California, US |date=2018-02-18 |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]] |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2018/05/102738746-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2021-08-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127162137/https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2018/05/102738746-05-01-acc.pdf |archive-date=2021-01-27}} (18 pages) (NB. See also: [[#NB-Encoder|Encoder remarks]].)</ref>

<ref name="Vaihingen_2016">{{cite web |title=50 Jahre Computer mit der Maus – Öffentliche Veranstaltung am 5. Dezember auf dem Campus Vaihingen |language=de |date=2016-11-28 |type=Invitation to a plenum discussion |publisher=Informatik-Forum Stuttgart (infos e.V.), GI- / ACM-Regionalgruppe Stuttgart / Böblingen, Institut für Visualisierung und Interaktive Systeme der Universität Stuttgart and SFB-TRR 161 |___location=Stuttgart, Germany |url=https://www.visus.uni-stuttgart.de/presse-und-medien/news/detailansicht/article/50-jahre-computer-mit-der-maus.html |access-date=2017-11-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115204824/https://www.visus.uni-stuttgart.de/presse-und-medien/news/detailansicht/article/50-jahre-computer-mit-der-maus.html |archive-date=2017-11-15}}</ref>