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| screenshot = LG webOS.jpg
| caption =
| developer = [[LG Electronics]],<br
| family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix-like]])
| ui = [[Graphical user interface|Graphical]] (Luna)
| license = [[Apache License]]
| website = {{URL|http://webosose.org|Open-source website}}<br
| programmed_in = [[C++]], [[Qt (software)|Qt]]<ref>{{cite web|title=QtWS15- Bringing LG webOS and Qt to millions of smartTVs | website=[[YouTube]] | date=October 12, 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-DGijemc7M |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/N-DGijemc7M |archive-date=December 15, 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
| kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]])
| supported_platforms = [[ARM architecture|ARM]]
| latest_release_version = {{
| latest_release_date =
| marketing_target = [[Embedded devices]]
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In April 2010, HP acquired Palm. The acquisition of Palm was initiated while [[Mark Hurd]] was CEO, however he resigned shortly after the acquisition was completed. Later, webOS was described by new HP CEO [[Leo Apotheker]] as a key asset and motivation for the purchase. The $1.2 billion acquisition was finalized in June. HP indicated its intention to develop the webOS platform for use in multiple new products, including smartphones, tablets, and [[printer (computing)|printers]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bajarin |first=Ben |title=HP Is Committed to Its 'webOS' Platform (and It Should Be) |series=TechLand |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |publisher=Time Inc. |date=June 30, 2011 |url=https://techland.time.com/2011/06/30/hp-is-committed-to-its-webos-platform-and-it-should-be/#ixzz1QshLqoCZ |access-date= November 27, 2013 }}</ref>
[[File:Jon Rubinstein & Todd Bradley.jpg|thumb|HP executives demonstrating webOS devices in 2011]]
[[File:Jon Rubinstein & Todd Bradley.jpg|thumb|HP executives demonstrating webOS devices in 2011|228x228px]]In February 2011, HP announced that it would use webOS as the universal platform for all its devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/hp-snubs-windows-plans-to-integrate-webos-into-pcs|title=HP snubs Windows, plans to integrate webOS into PCs |publisher=Digital Trends|date=February 9, 2011|access-date=June 14, 2013}}</ref> However, HP also made the decision<ref name="HPThanks">{{cite web|url=http://blog.palm.com/palm/2011/02/thanks-really-for-the-feedback.html|title=Thanks (really!) for the feedback|publisher=Hewlett Packard|access-date=February 14, 2011|archive-date=July 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718120952/http://blog.palm.com/palm/2011/02/thanks-really-for-the-feedback.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> that the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, and the "Plus" revisions would not receive [[FOTA (technology)|over-the-air updates]] to webOS 2.0,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=17498&news=hp+palm+webos+2.0+pre+pix |title=HP Breaks Promise: webOS 2.0 Upgrades for Palm Pre and Pixi Not Coming |work=Brighthand.com |access-date=February 13, 2011 }}</ref> despite a previous commitment to an upgrade "in coming months."<ref name= brighthand17244>{{cite news |last=Hardy |first=Ed |title=HP Commits to webOS 2.0 Upgrades for All Palm Smartphones |work=Brighthand.com |date=November 20, 2010 |url=http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=17244&news=HP+Palm+webOS+2.0+Pre+Pixi+Upgrade |access-date=November 27, 2013 }}</ref> HP announced several webOS devices, including the [[HP Veer]] and [[HP Pre 3]] smartphones, running webOS 2.2, and the [[HP TouchPad]], a tablet computer released in July 2011 that runs webOS 3.0.▼
▲
In March 2011, HP announced plans for a version of webOS by the end of 2011 to run within [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Hollister |first=Sean |title=HP TouchPad Coming June, webOS for PC Beta by Year's End |work=Engadget |publisher=AOL Inc. |date=March 14, 2011 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/03/14/hp-touchpad-coming-june-webos-for-pc-beta-by-years-end |access-date=November 27, 2013 }}</ref> and to be installed on all HP desktop and notebook computers in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apotheker Seeks to Save HP's 'Lost Soul' With Software Growth|work=BusinessWeek|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|date=March 9, 2011|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-03-09/apotheker-seeks-to-save-hp-s-lost-soul-with-software-growth.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311121717/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-03-09/apotheker-seeks-to-save-hp-s-lost-soul-with-software-growth.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 11, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2011}}</ref> Neither ever materialized, although work had begun on an x86 port around this time involving a team in [[Fort Collins, Colorado]]; work was scrapped later in the year.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}▼
▲In March 2011, HP announced plans for a version of webOS by the end of 2011 to run within [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Hollister |first=Sean |date=March 14, 2011 |title=HP TouchPad Coming June, webOS for PC Beta by Year's End |work=Engadget |publisher=AOL Inc.
In August 2011, HP announced that it was interested in selling its Personal Systems Group, responsible for all of its consumer PC products, including webOS, and that webOS device development and production lines would be halted.<ref>{{cite web|title= Developing and Distributing with HP: Developer Program Details|work= palm.com|publisher= Hewlett-Packard Development Company|year=2010|url=http://developer.palm.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1840&Itemid=34|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201180033/http://developer.palm.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1840&Itemid=34|archive-date= December 1, 2010}}<!--Original|accessdate=March 10, 2011--></ref><ref>{{cite news |title= HP Confirms Discussions with Autonomy Corporation plc Regarding Possible Business Combination; Makes Other Announcements |work= Press release |date= August 18, 2011 |url= http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110818006301/en/HP-Confirms-Discussions-Autonomy-Corporation-plc-Business |access-date= August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=HP kills webOS, spins off PC business to focus on software|work= AppleInsider|date=August 11, 2011 |url= http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/08/18/hp_to_spin_off_pc_business_to_focus_on_enterprise_software.html|access-date=August 18, 2011}}</ref> It remained unclear whether HP would consider licensing webOS software to other manufacturers. When HP reduced the price of the Touchpad to $99, the existing inventory quickly sold out.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/238542/hp_touchpad_selling_out_during_fire_sale.html|title=$99 HP TouchPad Selling Out During Fire Sale|work=PCWorld|access-date=August 7, 2017 }}</ref>
The HP Pre 3 was launched in select areas of Europe, and US-based units were available only through unofficial channels (both AT&T and Verizon canceled their orders just prior to delivery after [[Léo Apotheker|Apotheker's]] (HP's CEO at the time) announcement.<ref name="allthings">{{cite news|last=Fried|first=Ina|title=HP: webOS Still Coming to PCs and Printers, Pre3 Launching in "Limited" Markets|work=AllThingsD|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|date=August 22, 2011|url=http://allthingsd.com/20110822/hp-webos-still-coming-to-pcs-and-printers-pre3-launching-in-limited-markets/ |access-date=August 24, 2011}}</ref> Notably, these US Pre 3 units, having been released through unofficial channels, lacked both warranties and carried no support obligation from HP; as a result parts are nearly impossible to come by. HP announced that it would continue to issue updates for the HP Veer and [[HP TouchPad]], but these updates have failed to materialize for the former, and the latter saw a final, unofficial release called "webOS CE" that contained only open-sourced components of webOS meant for what remained of the developer community rather than a conventional, user-centric update to the operating system. The last HP webOS version, 3.0.5, was released on January 12, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/1/12/2702658/hp-touchpad-updated-to-webos-3-0-5 |title=HP TouchPad updated to webOS 3.0.5 |last=Ziegler |first=Chris |date=January 12, 2012 |website=The Verge |access-date=August 7, 2017 }}</ref>
In December 2011, after abandoning the TouchPad and the proposed sale of the HP Personal Systems Group, HP announced it would release webOS [[source code]] in the near future under an [[open-source license]].<ref name= HpWebOsOpenSource>{{cite press release|title= HP to Contribute webOS to Open Source|url= http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2011/111209xa.html|work= HP.com |publisher= Hewlett-Packard | date= December 9, 2011|access-date= December 10, 2011}}</ref> In August 2012, code specific to the existing devices was released as ''webOS Community Edition'' (CE), with support for the existing HP hardware.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/08/hp-releases-more-open-webos-code-including-system-manager-and-core-apps/ | title= HP releases more Open webOS code, including System Manager and core apps | website= arstechnica.com | first= Ryan | last= Paul | date=August 3, 2012}}</ref> Open webOS includes open source libraries designed to target a wider range of hardware. HP renamed its webOS unit as "Gram".<ref name= DGram>{{cite news|last=Hesseldahl|first=Arik|title=Meet Gram, HP's New Name for the Company Formerly Known as Palm|work= [[All Things D]]|date=August 15, 2012|url=http://allthingsd.com/20120815/meet-gram-hps-new-name-for-the-company-formerly-known-as-palm|access-date= August 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last= Musil| first=Steven|title=HP spins off webOS business, rebranding it as 'Gram' |work= CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive|date= August 15, 2012|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-57494236-94/hp-spins-off-webos-business-rebranding-it-as-gram|access-date=December 5, 2012}}</ref>
In February 2012, HP released Isis, a new web browser for Open webOS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webosnation.com/hp-releases-open-webos-new-browser-isis-javascript-core-and-enyo-ui-widgets |title=HP releases Open webOS' new browser Isis, JavaScript core, and Enyo UI widgets 34 |
====Growth and decline of HP App Catalog====
The '''HP App Catalog''' was an [[app store]] for apps for the mobile devices running webOS.
On June 6, 2009, webOS launched on the [[Palm Pre]] with 18 available apps. The number of apps grew to 30 by June 17, 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/18/palm-pre-prepared-for-the-spotlight|title=Palm Pre Prepared For The Spotlight?|last=Barletta|first=Bryan|date=June 18, 2009|publisher=Medialets, Inc.|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110224906/http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/18/palm-pre-prepared-for-the-spotlight|url-status=dead}}</ref> with 1 million cumulative downloads by June 27, 2009;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/24/palm-pre-app-catalog-reaches-1-million-downloads|title=Palm Pre App Catalog Reaches 1 Million Downloads|author=Barletta, Bryan|date=June 24, 2009|publisher=Medialets, Inc.|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110172050/http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/24/palm-pre-app-catalog-reaches-1-million-downloads|url-status=dead}}</ref> 30 official and 31 unofficial apps by July 13, 2009;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.precentral.net/palm-pre-homebrew-31-apps-official-app-catalog-30|title=Palm Pre Homebrew: 31 Apps. Official App Catalog: 30|author=Bohn, Dieter|date=July 10, 2009|work=PreCentral.net|publisher=Smartphone Experts|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=October 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006124502/http://www.precentral.net/palm-pre-homebrew-31-apps-official-app-catalog-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1,000 official apps by January 1, 2010;<ref>{{cite web|last=Werlinger|first=Robert|title=App Catalog Hits 1000 apps|publisher=webOS Nation|date=January 1, 2010|url=http://www.precentral.net/app-catalog-hits-1000-apps|access-date=April 27, 2012|archive-date=October 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006124724/http://www.precentral.net/app-catalog-hits-1000-apps|url-status=dead}}</ref> 4,000 official apps September 29, 2010;<ref>{{cite web |last=Bohn |first=Dieter |title=webOS surpasses 5,000 apps |publisher=
Subsequently, the number of available apps decreased because many apps were withdrawn from the App Catalog by their owners. Examples include the apps for ''[[The New York Times]]'' and [[Pandora Radio]]. After a Catalog splash screen on November 11, 2014, announcing its deprecation, the HP App Catalog servers were permanently shut down on March 15, 2015. The number of functional apps remaining at that time is unknown but was probably much lower due to the imminent abandonment of the project.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/6/5/3062611/palm-webos-hp-inside-story-pre-postmortem |title=Pre to Postmortem: the Inside Story of the Death of Palm and webOS |last=Ziegler |first=Chris |date=June 5, 2012 |work=The Verge |access-date=November 10, 2018 }}</ref>
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On February 25, 2013, HP announced that it was selling webOS to [[LG Electronics]] for use on its web-enabled [[smart TV]]s, replacing its previous NetCast platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webosnation.com/gram-working-lg-open-webos-tv|title=Gram working with LG on an Open webOS TV|work=webOS Nation|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=1375489#.USvx7qK-q2E|title=LG Electronics Acquires webOS from HP to Enhance Smart TV|work=Press Release: February 25, 2013|publisher=Hewlett-Packard|date=February 25, 2013|access-date=June 14, 2013}}</ref> Under the agreement LG Electronics owns the documentation, source code, developers and all related websites. However, HP would still hold on to patents from Palm as well as cloud-based services such as the App Catalog.<ref>{{cite news|title=HP offloads Palm webOS assets to Korea's LG|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-21587666|work=[[BBC News]]|date=February 26, 2013 |access-date=February 26, 2013}}</ref> In 2014, HP sold its webOS patents to Qualcomm.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/01/24/qualcomm-purchases-hp-patents/4819069/ Qualcomm purchases Palm patents from HP] USA Today January 24, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2016</ref>
As well as its use as an OS for smart TVs, LG has expanded its use to various [[Internet of things]] devices. As a starting point, LG showcased a LG Wearable Platform OS (webOS) smartwatch in early 2015.<ref>{{cite web |first=Nilay |
At CES 2017, LG announced a smart refrigerator with webOS.<ref>{{cite
On March 19, 2018, LG announced an open-source edition of webOS.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=LG-webOS-Open-Source-Edition |title=LG Announces webOS Open-Source Edition|publisher=Phoronix|
==Features==
The webOS mobile platform introduced some innovative features, such as the cards interface and the gesture navigation, that are now standard in mobile operating systems such as [[iOS]], [[Windows Phone]], and [[Android (operating system)|Android]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/06/12/jon-rubinstein-os-x-and-ios-7-borrow-features-from-webos/ |title=Jon Rubinstein: OS X and iOS 7 borrow features from webOS |website=Engadget |date=June 12, 2013 |access-date=August 7, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bohn |first=Dieter |date=September 15, 2017 |title=What the iPhone X borrowed from the Palm Pre |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/15/16300402/iphone-x-webos-palm-pre-cards-gestures-nostalgia |access-date=June 9, 2022 |website=The Verge }}</ref>
{{multiple image | direction = vertical
| width = 180
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ Features from releases of webOS
|-
! scope="col" | Feature
! scope="col" width="250"| LG webOS
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=== HP/Palm webOS ===
[[File:Palm webOS Launcher.png|thumb|
====Multitasking interface====
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====Synergy====
Palm referred to integration of information from many sources as "Synergy." Users can sign into multiple email accounts from different providers and integrate all of these sources into a single list. Similar capabilities pull together calendars and also [[instant messages]] and [[SMS]] text messages from multiple sources.<ref name="PalmwebOSPress">{{cite press release |title=Palm Unveils All-new webOS |url=http://investor.palm.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=358392 |publisher=[[Palm, Inc.]] |date=January 8, 2009 |access-date=May 27, 2009 |archive-date=August 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110801213404/http://investor.palm.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=358392|url-status=dead }}</ref>
====Over-the-air updates====
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Developer mode allows for developer access of the device and is also used for digital forensic investigations. It can be accessed by typing ''webos20090606'' on the device’s keyboard, or on some devices typing ''upupdowndownleftrightleftrightbastart'' (a reference to the [[Konami code]]) on the cards view. Once in developer mode, data on the system partition can be accessed freely, even if the device was locked.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Casey |first1=Eoghan |last2=Cheval |first2=Adrien |last3=Lee |first3=Jong Yeon |last4=Oxley |first4=David |last5=Song |first5=Yong Jun |title=Forensic acquisition and analysis of palm webOS on mobile devices |journal=Digital Investigation |date=July 1, 2011 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=37–47 |doi=10.1016/j.diin.2011.04.003 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1742287611000405 |issn=1742-2876}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/06/10/the-secret-to-palm-pre-dev-mode-lies-in-the-konami-code/ | title=The secret to Palm Pre dev mode lies in the Konami code | date=June 10, 2009 }}</ref>
===
====Smart TV features====
LG has redesigned the UI of webOS, maintaining the card UI as a feature called "Simple switching" between open TV apps. The other two features promoted by the company are a simple connection (using an animated [[Clippy]]-like character called Beanbird to aid the user through setup), and simple discovery.
==Platform==
Underneath the [[graphical user interface]], webOS has much in common with mainstream [[Linux distribution]]s. Versions 1.0 to 2.1 use a patched Linux 2.6.24 [[kernel (operating system)|kernel]].<ref name="opc" />
The list of open-source components used by the different releases of webOS, as well as the source code of and patches applied to each component, is available at the Palm Open Source webpage.<ref name="opc">{{cite web|url=http://www.openwebosproject.org/opensource/packages.html|title=Open Source Packages: HP webOS open source compliance|website=openwebosproject.org|access-date=October 28, 2013|archive-date=October 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030012743/http://www.openwebosproject.org/opensource/packages.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> This page also serves as a reference listing of the versions of webOS that have been publicly released.
In 2011, [[Enyo (software)|Enyo]] replaced Mojo, released in June 2009, as the [[software development kit]] (SDK).<ref>{{cite web|author=Jesse Mendoza|title=HP Rolls Out webOS 3.0 Beta with Enyo On Board|date=March 30, 2010|url=http://www.webosroundup.com/2011/03/hp-rolls-out-webos-3-0-beta-with-enyo-on-board|access-date=April 3, 2011|archive-date=April 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404061738/http://www.webosroundup.com/2011/03/hp-rolls-out-webos-3-0-beta-with-enyo-on-board/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{See also|webOS version history}}
==Hardware==
[[File:LG Watch Urbane LTE (16950018369).jpg|thumb
{| class="wikitable"
|
!webOS version
!Type
| |||