}}</ref> so prices become scalable and adjustable if users are added or removed at any point. It may also be free.<ref>{{cite web|title=HVD: the cloud's silver lining |url=http://www.intrinsictechnology.co.uk/FileUploads/HVD_Whitepaper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002231021/http://www.intrinsictechnology.co.uk/FileUploads/HVD_Whitepaper.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2012 |publisher=Intrinsic Technology |access-date=30 August 2012 }}</ref> Proponents claim that SaaS gives a [[business]] the potential to reduce IT operational costs by [[outsourcing]] hardware and software maintenance and support to the cloud provider. This enables the business to reallocate IT operations costs away from hardware/software spending and from personnel expenses, towards meeting other goals. In addition, with applications hosted centrally, updates can be released without the need for users to install new software. One drawback of [[Software as a service|SaaS]] comes with storing the users' data on the cloud provider's server. As a result,{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} there could be unauthorized access to the data.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sun|first1=Yunchuan|last2=Zhang|first2=Junsheng|last3=Xiong|first3=Yongping|last4=Zhu|first4=Guangyu|date=2014-07-01|title=Data Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing|journal=International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks|language=en|volume=10|issue=7|page=190903|doi=10.1155/2014/190903|s2cid=13213544|issn=1550-1477|doi-access=free}}</ref> Examples of applications offered as SaaS are [[cloud gaming|games]] and productivity software like Google Docs and Office Online. SaaS applications may be integrated with [[cloud storage]] or [[File hosting service]]s, which is the case with [[Google Docs]] being integrated with [[Google Drive]], and [[Office Online]] being integrated with [[OneDrive]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Use OneDrive with Office |url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/use-onedrive-with-office-b1c976de-ef52-4d53-950f-d48f2c6427df |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=Microsoft Support |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015223322/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/use-onedrive-with-office-b1c976de-ef52-4d53-950f-d48f2c6427df |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Serverless computing and Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)===▼
==="Backend" as a service (BaaS)===
{{Main|Backend as a service}}
In the "backend" as a service (m) model, also known as "mobile backend as a service" (MBaaS), [[web app]] and [[mobile app]] developers are provided with a way to link their applications to [[cloud storage]] and cloud computing services with [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) exposed to their applications and custom [[software development kit]]s (SDKs). Services include [[User (computing)|user]] management, [[Push technology|push notifications]], integration with [[social networking service]]s<ref name="PandoDailyAP">{{cite news|last=Carney|first=Michael|title=AnyPresence partners with Heroku to beef up its enterprise mBaaS offering|url=http://pandodaily.com/2013/06/24/anypresence-partners-with-heroku-to-beef-up-its-enterprise-mbaas-offering/|work=[[PandoDaily]]|access-date=24 June 2013|date=2013-06-24|archive-date=2013-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627191306/http://pandodaily.com/2013/06/24/anypresence-partners-with-heroku-to-beef-up-its-enterprise-mbaas-offering/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and more. This is a relatively recent model in cloud computing,<ref name="Williams1">{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/10/11/kii-cloud-opens-doors-for-mobile-developer-platform-with-25-million-end-users/ |title=Kii Cloud Opens Doors For Mobile Developer Platform With 25 Million End Users |author=Alex Williams |date=11 October 2012 |work=TechCrunch |access-date=16 October 2012 |archive-date=15 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015234739/http://techcrunch.com/2012/10/11/kii-cloud-opens-doors-for-mobile-developer-platform-with-25-million-end-users/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with most BaaS [[Startup company|startups]] dating from 2011 or later<ref name="Tan12">{{cite web |url=http://www.techgoondu.com/2012/09/30/fatfractal-ups-the-ante-in-backend-as-a-service/ |title=FatFractal ups the ante in backend-as-a-service market |author=Aaron Tan |date=30 September 2012 |work=Techgoondu.com |access-date=16 October 2012 |archive-date=10 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010050730/http://www.techgoondu.com/2012/09/30/fatfractal-ups-the-ante-in-backend-as-a-service/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rowinski11">{{cite web |url=http://readwrite.com/2011/11/09/mobile-backend-as-a-service-pa |title=Mobile Backend As A Service Parse Raises $5.5 Million in Series A Funding |author=Dan Rowinski |date=9 November 2011 |work=ReadWrite |access-date=23 October 2012 |archive-date=1 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101025650/http://readwrite.com/2011/11/09/mobile-backend-as-a-service-pa |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mishra">{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/01/07/mobstac-raises-2-million-in-series-b-to-help-brands-leverage-mobile-commerce/ |title=MobStac Raises $2 Million in Series B To Help Brands Leverage Mobile Commerce |author=Pankaj Mishra |date=7 January 2014 |work=TechCrunch |access-date=22 May 2014 |archive-date=15 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515205130/http://techcrunch.com/2014/01/07/mobstac-raises-2-million-in-series-b-to-help-brands-leverage-mobile-commerce/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but trends indicate that these services are gaining significant mainstream traction with enterprise consumers.<ref name="built.io">{{cite web |url=http://blog.programmableweb.com/2014/03/03/built-io-is-building-an-enterprise-mbaas-platform-for-iot/ |title=built.io Is Building an Enterprise MBaas Platform for IoT |work=programmableweb |access-date=3 March 2014 |date=2014-03-03 |archive-date=2014-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306232616/http://blog.programmableweb.com/2014/03/03/built-io-is-building-an-enterprise-mbaas-platform-for-iot/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
▲===Serverless computing and Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)===
{{Main|Serverless computing}}
"Serverless computing isallows acustomers cloud service category in which the customer canto use differentvarious cloud capabilities types without the customer havingneed to provision, deploy, andor manage either hardware or software resources, otherapart thanfrom providing customertheir application code or providing customer data. ServerlessISO/IEC computing22123-2:2023 representsclassifies serverless alongside Infrastructure as a formService of(IaaS), virtualizedPlatform computing."as accordinga toService [[International(PaaS), Organizationand forSoftware Standardization|ISO]]as a Service (SaaS) under the broader category of cloud service categories. <refNotably, name=":1"while />ISO refers to these [[Functionclassifications as acloud service]]iscategories, athe formNational Institute of serverlessStandards computingand Technology (NIST) refers to them as service models. <ref name="nist" /><ref name=":1" />
