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*[[American Airlines Flight 587]], [[Airbus A300]], November 12, 2001. This was the second-deadliest aviation accident in U.S. history, with 251 passengers and 9 crew members killed, as well as five people on the ground. According to the NTSB, the aggressive use of the rudder controls by the first officer stressed the composite vertical stabilizer until it separated from the aircraft. The complete loss of the vertical stabilizer meant the loss of all rudder control. As the pilots struggled to control the aircraft, it entered a [[Flat spin (aviation)|flat spin]]. The resultant forces caused the engines to separate from the aircraft, and it slammed into the ground 14 seconds later.
*[[Air Transat Flight 961]], an [[Airbus A310]], on 6 March 2005, catastrophic structural failure: the rudder detached from the aircraft with a loud bang and the aircraft began a [[dutch roll]]. The pilots regained enough lateral control, albeit with difficulty
===Control system mechanical failures===
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