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m Z is a number, but it is not constant with respect to the chief variable in the canonical ensemble, thermodynamic beta. |
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==== Classical continuous system (multiple identical particles) ====
For a gas of <math> N </math> identical classical
<math display="block"> Z=\frac{1}{N!h^{3N}} \int \, \exp \left(-\beta \sum_{i=1}^N H(\textbf q_i, \textbf p_i) \right) \; \mathrm{d}^3 q_1 \cdots \mathrm{d}^3 q_N \, \mathrm{d}^3 p_1 \cdots \mathrm{d}^3 p_N = \frac{Z_{\text{single}}^N}{N!}</math>
where
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