J'Accuse...!: Difference between revisions

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Dreyfus was found guilty of [[treason]] in a secret military court-martial, during which he was denied the right to examine the evidence against him. The [[French Army|Army]] stripped him of his rank in a humiliating ceremony and shipped him off to [[Devil's Island]], a penal colony located off the coast of French Guiana in [[South America]].<ref name=burns/>

France, where [[antisemitism]] has always been endemic, was experiencing a particularly intense period at this time; very few outside Dreyfus's family defended him. Nevertheless, the initial conviction was annulled by the [[Court of Cassation (France)|Supreme Court]] after a thorough investigation. In 1899, Dreyfus returned to France for a retrial, but although found guilty again, he was pardoned.<ref name=burns/> In 1906, Dreyfus appealed his case again; he obtained the [[annulment]] of his guilty verdict. In 1906, he was also awarded the Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]], which was for "a soldier who has endured an unparalleled martyrdom".<ref name=nyt/>

===Émile Zola===