Building performance simulation: Difference between revisions

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From a physical point of view, a building is a very complex system, influenced by a wide range of parameters. A [[Simulation modeling|simulation model]] is an abstraction of the real building which allows to consider the influences on high level of detail and to analyze key performance indicators without cost-intensive measurements. BPS is a technology of considerable potential that provides the ability to quantify and compare the relative cost and performance attributes of a proposed design in a realistic manner and at relatively low effort and cost. Energy demand, indoor environmental quality (incl. [[Thermal comfort|thermal]] and visual comfort, [[indoor air quality]] and moisture phenomena), [[HVAC]] and renewable system performance, urban level modeling, [[building automation]], and operational optimization are important aspects of BPS.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Energy simulation in building design|last=Clarke|first=J. A.|date=2001|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0750650823|edition=2nd|___location=Oxford|oclc=46693334}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Building performance simulation for design and operation|date=2011|publisher=Spon Press|others=Hensen, Jan., Lamberts, Roberto.|isbn=9780415474146|___location=Abingdon, Oxon|oclc=244063540}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|last1=Clarke|first1=J. A.|last2=Hensen|first2=J. L. M.|date=2015-09-01|title=Integrated building performance simulation: Progress, prospects and requirements|journal=Building and Environment|series=Fifty Year Anniversary for Building and Environment|volume=91|pages=294–306|doi=10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.002|url=https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/52580/1/Clarke_Hensen_BuildEnv_2015_Integrated_building_performance_simulation_progress_prospects_and_requirements.pdf}}</ref>

Over the last six decades, numerous BPS computer programs have been developed. The most comprehensive listing of BPS software can be found in the BEST directory.<ref>{{Citecite web|url=http://www.buildingenergysoftwaretools.com/ |title=Best Directory {{!}} Building Energy Software Tools Directory |website=www.buildingenergysoftwaretools.com|language=en|access-date=2017-11-07|archive-date=2019-10-08|archive-url=https://webwww.archiveibpsa.orgus/web/20191008062714/https://www.buildingenergysoftwaretools.combest-directory-list/ |url-statuspublisher=deadInternational Building Performance Simulation Association – USA}}</ref> Some of them only cover certain parts of BPS (e.g. climate analysis, thermal comfort, energy calculations, plant modeling, daylight simulation etc.). The core tools in the field of BPS are multi-___domain, dynamic, whole-building simulation tools, which provide users with key indicators such as heating and cooling load, energy demand, temperature trends, humidity, thermal and visual comfort indicators, air pollutants, ecological impact and costs.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Crawley|first1=Drury B.|last2=Hand|first2=Jon W.|last3=Kummert|first3=Michaël|last4=Griffith|first4=Brent T.|date=2008-04-01|title=Contrasting the capabilities of building energy performance simulation programs|journal=Building and Environment|series=Part Special: Building Performance Simulation|volume=43|issue=4|pages=661–673|doi=10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.10.027|url=https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/6555/6/strathprints006555.pdf}}</ref>

A typical building simulation model has inputs for local weather such as [[Typical Meteorological Year|Typical Meteorological Year (TMY)]] file; building geometry; [[building envelope]] characteristics; internal heat gains from [[lighting]], occupants and [[Plug load|equipment loads]]; heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) system specifications; operation schedules and control strategies.<ref name=":0" /> The ease of input and accessibility of output data varies widely between BPS tools. Advanced whole-building simulation tools are able to consider almost all of the following in some way with different approaches.