Video coding format: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 08:44, 20 December 2024

Revision as of 16:27, 7 January 2025

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==History==

The concept of [[analog video]] compression dates back to 1929, when R.D. Kell in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] proposed the concept of transmitting only the portions of the scene that changed from frame-to-frame. The concept of [[digital video]] compression dates back to 1952, when [[Bell Labs]] researchers B.M. Oliver and [[Chris Harrison (American football)|C.W. Harrison]] proposed the use of [[differential pulse-code modulation]] (DPCM) in video coding. In 1959, the concept of [[inter-frame]] [[motion compensation]] was proposed by [[NHK]] researchers Y. Taki, M. Hatori and S. Tanaka, who proposed predictive inter-frame video coding in the [[temporal dimension]].<ref name="ITU">{{cite web |title=History of Video Compression |url=https://www.itu.int/wftp3/av-arch/jvt-site/2002_07_Klagenfurt/JVT-D068.doc |website=[[ITU-T]] |publisher=Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 and ITU-T SG16 Q.6) |date=July 2002 |pages=11, 24–9, 33, 40–1, 53–6 |access-date=November 3, 2019}}</ref> In 1967, [[University of London]] researchers A.H. Robinson and C. Cherry proposed [[run-length encoding]] (RLE), a [[lossless compression]] scheme, to reduce the transmission bandwidth of [[analog television]] signals.<ref name="robinson">{{cite journal |author1-last=Robinson |author1-first=A. H. |author2-last=Cherry |author2-first=C. |title=Results of a prototype television bandwidth compression scheme |journal=[[Proceedings of the IEEE]] |publisher=[[IEEE]] |volume=55 |number=3 |date=1967 |pages=356–364 |doi=10.1109/PROC.1967.5493}}</ref>

The earliest digital video coding algorithms were either for [[uncompressed video]] or used [[lossless compression]], both methods inefficient and impractical for digital video coding.<ref name="Ghanbari">{{cite book |last1=Ghanbari |first1=Mohammed |title=Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding |date=2003 |publisher=[[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] |isbn=9780852967102 |pages=1–2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XuU8T3ooOAC&pg=PA1}}</ref><ref name="Lea">{{cite book |last1=Lea |first1=William |title=Video on demand: Research Paper 94/68 |date=1994 |publisher=[[House of Commons Library]] |url=https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/RP94-68 |access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref> Digital video was introduced in the 1970s,<ref name="Ghanbari"/> initially using uncompressed [[pulse-code modulation]] (PCM), requiring high [[bitrate]]s around 45{{ndash}}200 [[Mbit/s]] for [[standard-definition]] (SD) video,<ref name="Ghanbari"/><ref name="Lea"/> which was up to 2,000 times greater than the [[telecommunication]] [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]] (up to 100{{nbsp}}[[kbit/s]]) available until the 1990s.<ref name="Lea"/> Similarly, uncompressed [[high-definition video|high-definition]] (HD) [[1080p]] video requires bitrates exceeding 1{{nbsp}}[[Gbit/s]], significantly greater than the bandwidth available in the 2000s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=Jack |title=Scalable Continuous Media Streaming Systems: Architecture, Design, Analysis and Implementation |date=2005 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=9780470857649 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7fuvu52cyNEC&pg=PA25}}</ref>