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[[Information Processing Language]] was the first [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] language, from 1955 or 1956, and already included many of the concepts, such as list-processing and recursion, which came to be used in Lisp.
McCarthy's original notation used bracketed "[[M-expression]]s" that would be translated into [[S-expression]]s. As an example, the M-expression {{Lisp2|car[cons[A,B]]}} is equivalent to the S-expression {{Lisp2|(car (cons A B))}}. Once Lisp was implemented, programmers rapidly chose to use S-expressions, and M-expressions were abandoned <ref name="wexelblat-history-programming-languages />. M-expressions surfaced again with short-lived attempts of [[MLisp]]<ref name="Smith">{{cite book |last=Smith |first=David Canfield |title=MLISP Users Manual |url=http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/LISP/stanford/Smith-MLISP-AIM-84.pdf |access-date=2006-10-13}}</ref> by Horace Enea and [[CGOL]] by [[Vaughan Pratt]].
Lisp was first implemented by [[Steve Russell (computer scientist)|Steve Russell]] on an [[IBM 704]] computer using [[punched card]]s.<ref name="4VwQq">{{Cite web |url=http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/lisp/lisp.pdf |title=History of Lisp: Artificial Intelligence Laboratory |last=McCarthy |first=John |date=12 February 1979}}</ref> Russell had read McCarthy's paper and realized (to McCarthy's surprise) that the Lisp ''[[eval]]'' function could be implemented in [[machine code]].
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