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===NFSv2===
Version 2 of the protocol (defined in RFC{{IETF RFC|1094|link=no}}, March 1989) originally operated only over [[User Datagram Protocol]] (UDP). Its designers meant to keep the server side [[Stateless server|stateless]], with [[lock (computer science)|locking]] (for example) implemented outside of the core protocol. People involved in the creation of NFS version 2 include [[Russel Sandberg]], [[Bob Lyon (engineer)|Bob Lyon]], [[Bill Joy]], [[Steve Kleiman]], and others.<ref name="sun85" /><ref name="Rusty">{{Cite journal |title= The Sun Network Filesystem: Design, Implementation and Experience |journal= Technical Report |author= Russel Sandberg |publisher= Sun Microsystems |url= http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/faculty/tkosar/cse710_spring13/papers/nfs.pdf }}</ref>
The [[Virtual File System]] interface allows a modular implementation, reflected in a simple protocol. By February 1986, implementations were demonstrated for operating systems such as [[System V]] release 2, [[DOS]], and VAX/VMS using [[Eunice (software)|Eunice]].<ref name="Rusty" />
===NFSv3===
Version 3 (RFC{{IETF RFC|1813|link=no}}, June 1995) added:
* support for 64-bit file sizes and offsets, to handle files larger than 2 gigabytes (GB);
* support for asynchronous writes on the server, to improve write performance;
===NFSv4===
Version 4 (RFC{{IETF RFC|3010|link=no}}, December 2000; revised in RFC{{IETF RFC|3530|link=no}}, April 2003 and again in RFC{{IETF RFC|7530|link=no}}, March 2015), influenced by [[Andrew File System]] (AFS) and [[Server Message Block]] (SMB), includes performance improvements, mandates strong security, and introduces a [[State (computer science)|stateful]] protocol.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix05/tech/italks.html#nFSv4|title=NFS Version 4|date=2005-04-14|publisher=[[USENIX]]}}</ref><ref name="sane2000">{{cite web |url= http://www.sane.nl/events/sane2000/papers/pawlowski.pdf |title=The NFS Version 4 Protocol |year=2000 |publisher=[[System Administration and Network Engineering|SANE]] |author1=Brian Pawlowski |author2=Spencer Shepler |author3=Carl Beame |author4=Brent Callaghan |author5=Michael Eisler |author6=David Noveck |author7=David Robinson |author8=Robert Thurlow }}</ref> Version 4 became the first version developed with the [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF) after [[Sun Microsystems]] handed over the development of the NFS protocols.
NFS version 4.1 (RFC{{IETF RFC|5661|link=no}}, January 2010; revised in RFC{{IETF RFC|8881|link=no}}, August 2020) aims to provide protocol support to take advantage of clustered server deployments including the ability to provide scalable parallel access to files distributed among multiple servers (pNFS extension). Version 4.1 includes Session trunking mechanism (Also known as NFS Multipathing) and is available in some enterprise solutions as [[VMware ESXi]].
NFS version 4.2 ({{IETF RFC|7862|link=no}} </ref>) was published in November 2016 with new features including: server-side clone and copy, application I/O advise, sparse files, space reservation, application data block (ADB), labeled NFS with sec_label that accommodates any MAC security system, and two new operations for pNFS (LAYOUTERROR and LAYOUTSTATS). ▼NFS version 4.2 (RFC 7862) was published in November 2016<ref>{{cite ietf
| url = https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7862
| title = NFS Version 4 Minor Version 2
| first = Thomas | last = Haynes
| date = 2016-11-01
| doi = 10.17487/RFC7862
| doi-access = free
▲ }}</ref> with new features including: server-side clone and copy, application I/O advise, sparse files, space reservation, application data block (ADB), labeled NFS with sec_label that accommodates any MAC security system, and two new operations for pNFS (LAYOUTERROR and LAYOUTSTATS).
One big advantage of NFSv4 over its predecessors is that only one UDP or TCP port, 2049, is used to run the service, which simplifies using the protocol across firewalls.<ref>{{cite tech report|url=https://www.netapp.com/media/10720-tr-4067.pdf|title=NFS in NetApp ONTAP, Best practice and implementation guide|author1=Justin Parisi|author2= Elliott Ecton|date=June 2023|publisher=NetApp}}</ref>
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