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===Differences in autistic populations===
According to recent research, there is no neural evidence of statistical language learning in children with [[Autistic spectrum disorder|autism spectrum disorders]].{{cn|date=January 2025}} When exposed to a continuous stream of artificial speech, children without autism displayed less cortical activity in the [[Frontal cortex|dorsolateral frontal cortices]] (specifically the [[middle frontal gyrus]]) as cues for word boundaries increased. However activity in these networks remained unchanged in autistic children, regardless of the verbal cues provided. This evidence, highlighting the importance of proper Frontal Lobe brain function is in support of the "Executive Functions" Theory, used to explain some of the biologically related causes of Autistic language deficits. With impaired working memory, decision making, planning, and goal setting, which are vital functions of the Frontal Lobe, Autistic children are at loss when it comes to socializing and communication (Ozonoff, et al., 2004). Additionally, researchers have found that the level of communicative impairment in autistic children was inversely correlated with signal increases in these same regions during exposure to artificial languages. Based on this evidence, researchers have concluded that children with autism spectrum disorders don't have the neural architecture to identify word boundaries in continuous speech. Early word segmentation skills have been shown to predict later language development, which could explain why language delay is a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorders.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Scott-Van Zeeland | first1 = A. A. | last2 = McNealy | first2 = K. | last3 = Wang | first3 = A. T. | last4 = Sigman | first4 = M. | last5 = Bookheimer | first5 = S. Y. | last6 = Dapretto | first6 = M. | year = 2010 | title = No neural evidence of statistical learning during exposure to artificial languages in children with autism spectrum disorders | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 68 | issue = 4| pages = 345–351 | doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.011| pmid = 20303070 | pmc = 3229830 }}</ref>
=== Statistical language learning across situations ===
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