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<math display="block">\omega_{pi} = \left(\frac{4\pi n_i Z^2 e^2}{m_i}\right)^\frac{1}{2} \approx {1.32 \times 10^3} \,Z \left(\frac{n_i}{\mu}\right)^\frac{1}{2}\ \mbox{rad/s}</math>
| '''electron trapping rate''':
<math display="block">\nu_{Te} = \left(\frac{e E}{m_e}\right)^\frac{1}{2} \approx 7.26 \times 10^8\,E^\frac{1}{2}\
| '''ion trapping rate''':
<math display="block">\nu_{Ti} = \left(\frac{Z e E}{m_i}\right)^\frac{1}{2} \approx {1.69 \times 10^7}\,\left(\frac{Z E}{\mu}\right)^\frac{1}{2}\
| '''electron collision rate in completely ionized plasmas''':
<math display="block">\nu_e \approx 2.91 \times 10^{-6}\,\frac{n_e\ln\Lambda}{T_e^\frac{3}{2}}\
| '''ion collision rate in completely ionized plasmas''':
<math display="block">\nu_i \approx 4.80 \times 10^{-8}\,\frac{Z^4 n_i\,\ln\Lambda}{\left(T_i^3 \mu\right)^\frac{1}{2}} \
}}
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