Two-state solution: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:07, 18 January 2025

Revision as of 10:29, 26 January 2025

Line 14:

The [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] has accepted the concept of a two-state solution since the 1982 Arab Summit.{{Clarify|reason=This is very vague. Who is “leadership”? When did they accept (“since 1982”, but when is that exactly?)? Which “concept” did they accept (considering that any concrete plan is still non-existent)? What means the addition “in principle”: did they accept, or not? The suggestion that PLO accepted any tss(-principle) is improbable, considering that our article on the PLO does not mention their acceptance of any (real) two-state solution-idea (or ‘principle’). We don’t want Wikipedia to tell its readers unsourced fantasy or sweet fairy tales. So: can we have a real citation from that book (1994) of author Mark Tessler?|date=July 2024}}<ref>{{cite book|first=Mark A. |last=Tessler|title=A History of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict|publisher=[[Indiana State University]]|___location=Bloomington|date=1994|isbn=978-0253208736|page=718}}</ref> In 2017, [[Hamas]] announced their [[2017 Hamas charter|revised charter]], which claims to accept the idea of a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders, but without recognising the statehood of Israel.<ref name="hamas">{{cite news |date=2 May 2017 |title=Hamas accepts Palestinian state with 1967 borders |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/5/2/hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders |accessdate=3 November 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process|Diplomatic efforts]] have centred around realizing a two-state solution, starting from the failed [[2000 Camp David Summit]] and [[the Clinton Parameters]], followed by the [[Taba Summit]] in 2001. The failure of the Camp David summit to reach an agreed two-state solution formed the backdrop to the commencement of the [[Second Intifada]], the violent consequences of which marked a turning point among both peoples’ attitudes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palti |first=Zohar |date=2023-09-08 |title=The Implications of the Second Intifada on Israeli Views of Oslo |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/implications-second-intifada-israeli-views-oslo |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy|The Washington Institute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Background & Overview of 2000 Camp David Summit |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-2000-camp-david-summit |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=[[Jewish Virtual Library]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Second Intifada |url=https://www.makan.org.uk/glossary/second_intifada/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Makan |quote=The Second Intifada starkly demonstrated the failure of years of negotiations, and marked a turning point in both internal Israeli and Palestinian politics.}}</ref> A two-state solution also formed the basis of the [[Arab Peace Initiative]], the [[Realignment plan|2006–2008 peace offer]], and the [[2013–14 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks|2013–14 peace talks]].

Currently there is no two-state solution proposal being negotiated between Israel and Palestinians. The [[Palestinian Authority]] supports the idea of a two-state solution;<ref>{{Cite news |title=Palestinian Authority ready to work with an Israeli government that backs two-state solution: PM Shtayyeh |website=CBC News|date=1 February 2024| accessdate=3 September 2024|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/palestinian-authority-two-state-solution-israeli-government-1.7102024}}</ref> Israel at times has also supported the idea, but nowadays rejects the creation of a Palestinian state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magid |first=Jacob |title=Knesset overwhelmingly passes motion rejecting Palestinian statehood, days before PM's US trip |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/knesset-overwhelmingly-passes-motion-rejecting-palestinian-statehood-days-before-pms-us-trip/ |date=2024-07-18 |access-date=2024-08-18}}</ref> Long-serving Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu|Netanyahu]] in 2015 rejected a Palestinian state.<ref name="ynet,2015" /> He again rejected a Palestinian state in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-01 |title=Palestinians furious over Netanyahu claims that Israel must 'crush' statehood ambitions |url=https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/article-748435 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=Netanyahu's call to block creation of Palestinian state sparks fury, condemnation |url=https://arab.news/ju7du |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> Former Israeli PMs [[Ehud Barak]] and [[Ehud Olmert]] in late 2023 expressed support for a two-state solution.<ref name="Barak2023">{{Cite magazine |last=Cortellessa |first=Eric |date=2023-11-06 |title=Former Israeli Prime Minister: Israel's Endgame in Gaza Should be a Palestinian State |url=https://time.com/6332127/israel-palestine-war-ehud-barak/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |magazine=[[TIME]]}}</ref><ref name="Olmert2023" /> Public support among Israelis and among Palestinians (measured separately) for “the"the concept of the two-state solution” etc.solution" have varied between far above and far below 50%, depending partly on how the question was phrased.

The major points of contention include the specific boundaries of the two states (though most proposals are based on the [[Green Line (Israel)|1967 lines]]), the [[status of Jerusalem]], the [[Israeli settlements]] and the [[Palestinian right of return|right of return of Palestinian refugees]]. Observers have described the current situation in the whole territory, with the [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank]] and [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]], as one of ''[[de facto]]'' Israeli sovereignty.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iraqi |first=Amjad |date=2021-01-12 |title=Why B'Tselem is calling Israel an apartheid regime, from the river to the sea |url=https://www.972mag.com/btselem-israel-apartheid-supremacy/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=+972 Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2021 |title=B'Tselem (Document): A Regime of Jewish Supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This Is Apartheid |url=https://www.palestine-studies.org/en/node/1650915 |access-date=November 28, 2023 |website=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]}}</ref> The two-state solution is an alternative to the [[one-state solution]] and what observers consider a ''de facto'' one-state reality.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iraqi |first=Amjad |date=2021-01-12 |title=Why B'Tselem is calling Israel an apartheid regime, from the river to the sea |url=https://www.972mag.com/btselem-israel-apartheid-supremacy/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=+972 Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2021 |title=B'Tselem (Document): A Regime of Jewish Supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This Is Apartheid |url=https://www.palestine-studies.org/en/node/1650915 |access-date=November 28, 2023 |website=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Barnett |first1=Michael |author-link=Michael N. Barnett |last2=Brown |first2=Nathan |author-link2=Nathan J. Brown (political scientist) |last3=Lynch |first3=Marc |author-link3=Marc Lynch |last4=Telhami |first4=Shibley |author-link4=Shibley Telhami |date=2023-04-14 |title=Israel's One-State Reality |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/middle-east/israel-palestine-one-state-solution |access-date=2024-04-03 |work=[[Foreign Affairs]] |volume=102 |issue=3 |issn=0015-7120}}</ref>