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=== Establishment ===
By the early 1960s, a more organized system was needed, and non-mandatory five-digit ZIP Codes were introduced nationwide on July 1, 1963.<ref name=mlcdintr/><ref name=lblsccs/> The USPOD issued its ''Publication 59: Abbreviations for Use with ZIP Code'' on October 1, 1963, with the list of [[List of U.S. state abbreviations|two-letter state abbreviations]] which are generally written with both letters capitalized.<ref name=USPS>[https://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/state-abbreviations.pdf "State Abbreviations", USPS.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116005935/http://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/state-abbreviations.pdf |date=2017-01-16 }}.</ref> An earlier list, publicized in June 1963, had proposed capitalized abbreviations ranging from two to five letters.<ref name=USPS/> According to ''Publication 59'', the two-letter standard was "based on a maximum 23-position line, because this has been found to be the most universally acceptable line capacity basis for major addressing systems",<ref name=USPS/> which would be exceeded by a long city name combined with a multi-letter state abbreviation, such as "Sacramento, Calif." along with the ZIP Code. The abbreviations have remained unchanged, with the exception of [[Nebraska]], which was changed from NB to NE in 1969 at the request of the [[Canada Post|
[[Robert Moon (postal inspector)|Robert Moon]] is considered the father of the ZIP Code; he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a [[United States Postal Inspection Service|postal inspector]].<ref>Bullamore, Tim (2001). Robert Moon Obituary. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/robert-moon-729034.html {{dead link|date=December 2019}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/14/us/robert-moon-an-inventor-of-the-zip-code-dies-at-83.html | title = Robert Moon, an Inventor of the ZIP Code, Dies at 83 | first = Douglas | last = Martin | date = 2001-04-14 | newspaper = [[New York Times]] | access-date = 2017-09-23 | archive-date = February 17, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217102920/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/14/us/robert-moon-an-inventor-of-the-zip-code-dies-at-83.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
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