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note that FAIR does not necessary mean open, a common misconception. |
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=== FAIR ===
{{Main|FAIR data}}
[[FAIR data|FAIR]] is an acronym for 'findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable', intended to more clearly define what is meant by the term 'open access' and make the concept easier to discuss.<ref name="FAIR principles 2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Wilkinson |first1=Mark D. |last2=Dumontier |first2=Michel |last3=Aalbersberg |first3=IJsbrand Jan |last4=Appleton |first4=Gabrielle |last5=Axton |first5=Myles |last6=Baak |first6=Arie |last7=Blomberg |first7=Niklas |last8=Boiten |first8=Jan-Willem |last9=da Silva Santos |first9=Luiz Bonino |last10=Bourne |first10=Philip E. |last11=Bouwman |first11=Jildau |display-authors=4 |date=15 March 2016 |title=The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship |journal=Scientific Data |volume=3 |pages=160018 |bibcode=2016NatSD...360018W |doi=10.1038/sdata.2016.18 |oclc=961158301 |pmc=4792175 |pmid=26978244 |last12=Brookes |first12=Anthony J. |last13=Clark |first13=Tim |last14=Crosas |first14=Mercè |last15=Dillo |first15=Ingrid |last16=Dumon |first16=Olivier |last17=Edmunds |first17=Scott |last18=Evelo |first18=Chris T. |last19=Finkers |first19=Richard |last20=Gonzalez-Beltran |first20=Alejandra |last21=Gray |first21=Alasdair J.G. |last22=Groth |first22=Paul |last23=Goble |first23=Carole |last24=Grethe |first24=Jeffrey S. |last25=Heringa |first25=Jaap |last26='t Hoen |first26=Peter A.C |last27=Hooft |first27=Rob |last28=Kuhn |first28=Tobias |last29=Kok |first29=Ruben |last30=Kok |first30=Joost |last31=Lusher |first31=Scott J. |last32=Martone |first32=Maryann E. |last33=Mons |first33=Albert |last34=Packer |first34=Abel L. |last35=Persson |first35=Bengt |last36=Rocca-Serra |first36=Philippe |last37=Roos |first37=Marco |last38=van Schaik |first38=Rene |last39=Sansone |first39=Susanna-Assunta |last40=Schultes |first40=Erik |last41=Sengstag |first41=Thierry |last42=Slater |first42=Ted |last43=Strawn |first43=George |last44=Swertz |first44=Morris A. |last45=Thompson |first45=Mark |last46=van der Lei |first46=Johan |last47=van Mulligen |first47=Erik |last48=Velterop |first48=Jan |last49=Waagmeester |first49=Andra |last50=Wittenburg |first50=Peter |last51=Wolstencroft |first51=Katherine |last52=Zhao |first52=Jun |last53=Mons |first53=Barend|issue=1 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wilkinson |first1=Mark D. |last2=da Silva Santos |first2=Luiz Olavo Bonino |last3=Dumontier |first3=Michel |last4=Velterop |first4=Jan |last5=Neylon |first5=Cameron |last6=Mons |first6=Barend |date=1 January 2017 |title=Cloudy, increasingly FAIR; revisiting the FAIR Data guiding principles for the European Open Science Cloud |journal=Information Services & Use |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.3233/ISU-170824 |issn=0167-5265 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11937/53669|hdl-access=free }}</ref> Initially proposed in March 2016, it has subsequently been endorsed by organisations such as the [[European Commission]] and the [[G20]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2016 |title=European Commission embraces the FAIR principles |url=https://www.dtls.nl/2016/04/20/european-commission-allocates-e2-billion-to-make-research-data-fair/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720134337/https://www.dtls.nl/2016/04/20/european-commission-allocates-e2-billion-to-make-research-data-fair/ |archive-date=20 July 2018 |access-date=31 July 2019 |website=Dutch Techcentre for Life Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=G20 Leaders' Communique Hangzhou Summit |url=https://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-16-2967_en.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731041057/https://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-16-2967_en.htm |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=31 July 2019 |website=europa.eu}}</ref> Note, however, that FAIR principles include "A1.2: The protocol allows for an authentication and authorisation procedure where necessary.<ref>"https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/a1-2-protocol-allows-authentication-authorisation-required/ accessed on 2025-01-30.</ref> This means that a FAIR dataset may be either closed (restricted access) or open (no access restrictions). So, only FAIR data without access restrictions are open access.
== Features ==
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