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The [[Congressional Budget Office]] summarized several best practices for graphical displays in a June 2014 presentation. These included: a) Knowing your audience; b) Designing graphics that can stand alone outside the report's context; and c) Designing graphics that communicate the key messages in the report.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/45224|title=Telling Visual Stories About Data - Congressional Budget Office|website=www.cbo.gov|access-date=2014-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204135630/https://www.cbo.gov/publication/45224|archive-date=2014-12-04|url-status=live}}</ref>
Useful '''criteria''' for a data or information visualization include:
Useful '''criteria''' for a data or information visualization include: '''1. It is based on (non-visual) data '''- that is, a data/info viz is not image processing and collage;''' 2. it creates an image'''- specifically that the image plays the primary role in communicating meaning and is not an illustration accompanying the data in text form; and '''3. the result is readable'''<ref> Kosara, Robert (2007) Visualization Criticism – The Missing Link Between Information Visualization and Art, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV), pp. 631–636, 2007. DOI: 10.1109/IV.2007.130</ref> . Readability means that it is possible for a viewer to understand the underlying data, such as by making comparisons between proportionally sized visual elements to compare their respective data values; or using a legend to decode a map, like identifying coloured regions on a climate map to read temperature at that ___location. For greatest efficiency and simplicity of design and user experience, this readability is enhanced through the use of '''bijective mapping''' in that design of the image elements - where the mapping of representational element to data variable is unique<ref>Ziemkiewicz, Caroline, Kosara, Robert (2010) Embedding Information Visualization Within Visual Representation, in Ras, Ribarsky, Advances in Information and Intelligent Systems</ref>. Kosara (2007) also identifies the need for a visualisation to be '''recognisable as a visualisation and not appear to be something else'''. He also states that recognisability and readability may not always be required in all types of visualisation e.g. '''informative art''' - which would still meet all three above criteria but might not look like a visualisation; or '''artistic visualisation''' - which similarly is still based on non-visual data to create an image, but may not be readable or recognisable. ▼
#. It is based on (non-visual) data - that is, a data/info viz is not image processing and collage;'''
#. It creates an image - specifically that the image plays the primary role in communicating meaning and is not an illustration accompanying the data in text form; and
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Kosara (2007) also identifies the need for a visualisation to be "recognisable as a visualisation and not appear to be something else". He also states that recognisability and readability may not always be required in all types of visualisation e.g. "informative art" - which would still meet all three above criteria but might not look like a visualisation; or "artistic visualisation" - which similarly is still based on non-visual data to create an image, but may not be readable or recognisable.
===Quantitative messages===
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