Open access: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:17, 30 January 2025

Revision as of 02:02, 1 February 2025

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In 2002, the University of Southampton's School of Electronics & Computer Science became one of the first schools to implement a meaningful mandatory open access policy, in which authors had to contribute copies of their articles to the school's repository. More institutions followed suit in the following years.<ref name=":0" /> In 2007, Ukraine became the first country to create a national policy on open access, followed by Spain in 2009. Argentina, Brazil, and Poland are currently in the process of developing open access policies. Making master's and doctoral theses open access is an increasingly popular mandate by many educational institutions.<ref name=":0" />

In the US, the [[NIH Public Access Policy]] has required since 2008 that papers describing research funded by the National Institutes of Health must be available to the public free through [[PubMed Central]] (PMC) within 12 months of publication. In 2022, US President [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]] issued a memorandum calling for the removal of the 12-month embargo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OSTP Issues Guidance to Make Federally Funded Research Freely Available Without Delay {{!}} OSTP |url=https://wwwbidenwhitehouse.whitehousearchives.gov/ostp/news-updates/2022/08/25/ostp-issues-guidance-to-make-federally-funded-research-freely-available-without-delay/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=The White House |date=25 August 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> By the end of 2025, US federal agencies must require all results (papers, documents and data) produced as a result of US government-funded research to be available to the public immediately upon publication.<ref>{{Cite web |title=White House requires immediate public access to all U.S.-funded research papers by 2025 |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/white-house-requires-immediate-public-access-all-u-s--funded-research-papers-2025 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref>

In 2023, the Council of the [[European Union]] recommended the implementation of an open-access and not-for-profit model for research publishing by the [[European Commission]] and member states. These recommendations are not legally binding and received mixed reactions. While welcomed by some members of the academic community, [[Academic publishing|publishers]] argued that the suggested model is unrealistic due to the lack of crucial funding details. Furthermore, the council's recommendations raised concerns within the publishing industry regarding the potential implications, and they also emphasized the importance of research integrity and the need for member states to address [[Predatory publishing|predatory journals]] and [[paper mill]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanderson |first=Katharine |date=2023-06-02 |title=EU council's 'no pay' publishing model draws mixed response |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01810-7 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-01810-7|pmid=37264131 |s2cid=259023820 }}</ref>