International Collegiate Programming Contest: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 22:56, 26 January 2025

Revision as of 19:02, 3 February 2025

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==History==

The ICPC traces its roots to a competition held at [[Texas A&M University]] in 1970 hosted by the Alpha Chapterchapter of the [[Upsilon Pi Epsilon]] Computer Science Honor Society (UPE). This initial programming competition was titled First Annual Texas Collegiate Programming Championship and each university was represented by a team of up to five members. The computer used was a [[IBM System 360|IBM System/360 model 65]] which was one of the first machines with a DAT (Dynamic Address Translator aka "paging") system for accessing memory. Teams that participated included Texas A&M, Texas Tech, University of Houston, and five or six other Texas University / Colleges. There were three problems that had to be completed and the cumulative time from "start" to "successful completion" determined first-, second-, and third-place winners. The programming language used was [[Fortran]]. The programs were written on coding sheets, keypunched on [[Hollerith card]]s, and submitted for execution. The [[University of Houston]] team won the competition completing all three problems successfully with time. The second- and third-place teams did not successfully complete all three problems. The contest evolved into its present form as a multi-tier competition in 1977, with the first finals held in conjunction with the ACM Computer Science Conference.

From 1977 to 1989, the contest included mainly teams of four from universities throughout the United States and Canada. ICPC Headquarters was hosted by [[Baylor University]] from 1989 until 2022, with regional contests established within the world's university community, the ICPC has grown into a worldwide competition. To increase access to the World Finals, teams were reduced to three students within their first five academic years.{{cncitation needed|date=March 2022}}

From 1997 to 2017, [[IBM|International Business Machines Corporation]] (IBM) was the sponsor of ICPC. During that time contest participation has grown by more than 2000%. In 1997, 840 teams from 560 universities participated. In 2017, 46,381 students from 2,948 universities in 103 countries on six continents participated in regional competitions. Organized as a highly localized extra-curricular university mind sport and operating as a globally-coordinated unincorporated association operating under agreements with host universities and non-profits, the ICPC is open to qualified teams from every university in the world.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

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UPE has provided continuous support since 1970 and honored World Finalists since the first Finals in 1976. The ICPC is indebted to ACM member contributions and ACM assistance from 1976 to 2018. Baylor University served since 1985, hosting ICPC Headquarters from 1989 until 2022. The ICPC operates under the auspices of the ICPC Foundation which provides the ICPC Global Headquarters to service a globally-coordinated community whose events operate under agreements with host universities and non-profits to insure that participation in ICPC is open to qualified teams from every university in the world. See ICPC Policies and Procedures.<ref name="icpcpp"/>

The ICPC World Finals (The Annual World Finals of the International Collegiate Programming Contest) is the final round of competition. Over its history it has become a 4-day event held in the finest venues worldwide with 140 teams competing in the 2018 World Finals. Recent World Champion teams have been recognized by their country's head of state. In recent years, media impressions have hovered at the one billion mark.{{cncitation needed|date=November 2020}}

From 2000 to 2022, only teams from [[Russia]], [[China]], and [[Poland]] have won the ICPC world finals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICPC |url=https://icpc.global/static/media/mainLogoMobile.12b91576.png |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=icpc.global |language=en}}</ref> Participation in [[North America]] is much smaller than in the rest of the world, which is partially attributed to the perceived low payoff of participating.<ref name="sigcse16">{{cite journal |url=https://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~borja/pubs/sigcse2016-programming-contests.pdf |title=A Programming Contest Strategy Guide |first1=Aaron |last1=Bloomfield |first2=Borja |last2=Sotomayor |journal=SIGCSE '16: Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education |access-date=2020-03-15 |archive-date=2020-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320230414/https://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~borja/pubs/sigcse2016-programming-contests.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

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=== World Finals Moscow (2020) ===

Because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the 2020 World Finals were postponed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QF8fhV62pXHSV29CHDUyajJbdP5-AFBlTGZXApivYKE/edit?usp=embed_facebook|title=March 31, 2020 Update|website=Google Docs|language=en|access-date=2020-04-01|archive-date=2020-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828021322/https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QF8fhV62pXHSV29CHDUyajJbdP5-AFBlTGZXApivYKE/edit?usp=embed_facebook|url-status=live}}</ref> The finals took place in [[Moscow]] ([[Russia]]) from October 1 to October 5, 2021, hosted by [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.icpc.global/moscow-schedule/|title=The ICPC World Finals Moscow schedule of events|website=ICPC global|language=en|access-date=2021-10-16|archive-date=2021-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015180208/https://docs.icpc.global/moscow-schedule/|url-status=live}}</ref> To avoid confusion with dates, in all official materials it was called "World Finals Moscow" instead of 2020 or 2021.

{{Cite web|url=https://pc2.ecs.baylor.edu/scoreboard/|title=ICPC World Finals Moscow final standings|website=ICPC World finals|language=en|access-date=2021-10-16|archive-date=2021-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005073612/https://pc2.ecs.baylor.edu/scoreboard/|url-status=dead}}

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===World Finals Dhaka (2021)===

The 45-th World Finals initially scheduled for 2021, was held in [[Dhaka]] ([[Bangladesh]]) from November 6 to November 11, 2022, because of schedule changes due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]], hosted by the [[University of Asia Pacific]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://news.mit.edu/2022/mit-wins-international-collegiate-programming-contest-1116|title = MIT wins world finals of the 45th International Collegiate Programming Contest|date = 16 November 2022|access-date = 26 February 2023|archive-date = 4 December 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221204060533/https://news.mit.edu/2022/mit-wins-international-collegiate-programming-contest-1116|url-status = live}}</ref> To avoid confusion about dates, it was called World Finals Dhaka in all official materials.

Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest |url=https://icpc.global/community/results-2021 |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=The ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest}}</ref>

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=== World Finals Luxor (2022 & 2023) ===

To synchronize with the schedule after all rescheduling because of [[Covid-19 pandemic]] both 46-th and 47-th world finals were scheduled to take place in the same time in November 2023 in [[Sharm_El_SheikhSharm El Sheikh]]. Because of [[Israel–Hamas war]] and related safety concerns, it was rescheduled once again and finally happened in [[Luxor]] in April from 14th to 19th of19 April 2024. To avoid confusion about dates, the event was referred to as World Finals Luxor (World Finals Sharm before rescheduling), with two competitions as 46th and 47th separately, if needed, in all official materials.

Two competitions were held in parallel, with intersecting problem sets. In 47-th finals, due to very close results (less than 40 penalty minutes difference between 12 and 16 place), additional bronze medals were awarded at the next finals in Astana.

Source: Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest |url=https://icpc.global/community/results-2022 |website=The ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest |url=https://icpc.global/community/results-2023 |website=The ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest}}</ref>

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=== World Finals Astana (2024) ===

The 48th World Finals was held on 15-2015–20 September 2024 in [[Astana|Astana, Kazakhstan]] hosted by The Kazakhstan Competitive Programming Federation.

Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest |url=https://icpc.global/community/results-2024 |access-date= |website=The ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest}}</ref>