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Many blogs provide commentary on a particular subject or topic, ranging from [[philosophy]], [[religion]], and [[art]]s to [[science]], [[politics]], and [[sport]]s. Others function as more personal [[online diary|online diaries]] or [[online advertising|online brand advertising]] of a particular individual or company. A typical blog combines text, [[digital image]]s, and [[Hyperlink|link]]s to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (''[[art blog]]s''), photographs (''[[photoblog]]s''), videos (''[[video blog]]s'' or ''vlogs''), music (''[[MP3 blog]]s''), and audio (''[[podcast]]s''). In education, blogs can be used as instructional resources; these are referred to as ''[[edublog]]s''. [[Microblogging]] is another type of blogging, featuring very short posts.
''Blog'' and ''blogging'' are now loosely used for content creation and sharing on [[social media]], especially when the content is long-form and one creates and shares content on a regular basis, so one could be maintaining a blog on [[Facebook]] or blogging on [[Instagram]]. A 2022 estimate suggested that there were over 600 million public blogs out of more than 1.9 billion websites.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Si Quan Ong |date=2022-02-03 |title=71 Blogging Statistics for 2022 |url=https://ahrefs.com/blog/blogging-statistics/ |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=SEO Blog by Ahrefs |language=en}}</ref>
==History==
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In November 1993 [[Ranjit Bhatnagar]] started writing about interesting sites, pages and discussion groups he found on the internet, as well as some personal information, on his website Moonmilk, arranging them chronologically in a special section called Ranjit's HTTP Playground.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moonmilk.com/playground.html |title=Ranjit's HTTP playground |date=1998-05-19 |website=Moonmilk |access-date=2023-11-26 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19980519210345/http://moonmilk.com/playground.html |archive-date=1998-05-19}}</ref> Other early pioneers of blogging, such as [[Justin Hall]], credit him with being an inspiration.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Rosenberg |first=Scott |subject-link= Scott Rosenberg (journalist) |interviewer=Simon Owens |title=Scott Rosenberg Traces the Blogosphere's Origins |work=Mediashift |date=23 September 2008 |publisher=PBS |quote=For instance, Justin Hall started his site in January 1994, before most of us had heard of the web. I asked him, 'Well, you're one of the first bloggers, was there anyone out there who you were getting inspiration from?' And he pointed me to this other guy named Ranjit Bhatnagar who was keeping a site at moonmilk.com in 1993. And, sure enough, it was a reverse chronological list of stuff he found on the web. |url=http://mediashift.org/2008/09/scott-rosenberg-traces-the-blogospheres-origins266/ |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref>
The earliest instance of a commercial blog was on the first [[business to consumer]] Web site created in 1995 by [[Ty Inc|Ty, Inc.]], which featured a blog in a section called "Online Diary".
The modern blog evolved from the [[online diary]] where people would keep a running account of the events in their personal lives. Most such writers called themselves diarists, journalists, or journalers. [[Justin Hall]], who began personal blogging in 1994 while a student at [[Swarthmore College]], is generally recognized as one of the earlier bloggers,<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/02/20/MNGBKBEJO01.DTL|title=Time to get a life — pioneer blogger Justin Hall bows out at 31|last=Harmanci|first=Reyhan|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=February 20, 2005|access-date=June 5, 2008}}</ref> as is [[Jerry Pournelle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jerrypournelle.com/#whatabout |title=Jerry Pournelle's Chaos Manor |work=jerrypournelle.com |quote= I can make some claim to this being The Original Blog and Daybook. I certainly started keeping a day book well before most, and long before the term "blog" or Web Log was invented. BIX, the Byte information exchange, preceded the Web by a lot, and I also had a daily journal on GE Genie. Both of those would have been considered blogs if there had been any such term. All that was long before the World Wide Web. |author=Pournelle, Jerry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216092746/https://www.jerrypournelle.com/#whatabout |archive-date= Feb 16, 2024 }}</ref> [[Dave Winer]]'s Scripting News is also credited with being one of the older and longer running weblogs.<ref>{{cite web
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;Personal blogs: The personal blog is an ongoing online diary or commentary written by an individual, rather than a corporation or organization. While the vast majority of personal blogs attract very few readers, other than the blogger's immediate family and friends, a small number of personal blogs have become popular, to the point that they have attracted lucrative advertising sponsorship. A tiny number of personal bloggers have become famous, both in the online community and in the real world.
;Collaborative blogs or group blogs: A type of weblog in which posts are written and published by more than one author. The majority of high-profile collaborative blogs are organised according to a single uniting theme, such as politics, technology or advocacy.
;[[Microblogging]]: Microblogging is the practice of posting small pieces of digital content—which could be text, pictures, links, short videos, or other media—on the internet. Microblogging offers a portable communication mode that feels organic and spontaneous to many users. It has captured the public imagination, in part because the short posts are easy to read on the go or when waiting. Friends use it to keep in touch, business associates use it to coordinate meetings or share useful resources, and celebrities and politicians (or their publicists) microblog about concert dates, lectures, book releases, or tour schedules. A wide and growing range of add-on tools enables sophisticated updates and interaction with other applications. The resulting profusion of functionality is helping to define new possibilities for this type of communication.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educause.edu/library/resources/7-things-you-should-know-about-microblogging |title=7 Things You Should Know About Microblogging |website=Educause.edu |date=July 7, 2009 |access-date=October 25, 2012}}</ref> Examples of these include Twitter, Facebook, [[Tumblr]] and, by far the largest, [[Sina Weibo|Weibo]].
;Corporate and organizational blogs: A blog can be private, as in most cases, or it can be for business or [[not-for-profit organization]] or government purposes. Blogs used internally and only available to employees via an [[Intranet]] are called [[corporate blog]]s. Companies use internal corporate blogs to enhance the communication, culture and [[employee engagement]] in a corporation. Internal corporate blogs can be used to communicate news about company policies or procedures, build employee [[esprit de corps]] and improve [[morale]]. Companies and other organizations also use external, publicly accessible blogs for marketing, branding, or [[public relations]] purposes. Some organizations have a blog authored by their executive; in practice, many of these executive blog posts are penned by a [[ghostwriter]] who makes posts in the style of the credited author.
;Aggregated blogs: Individuals or organization may aggregate selected feeds on a specific topic, product or service and provide a combined view for its readers. This allows readers to concentrate on reading instead of searching for quality on-topic content and managing subscriptions. Many such aggregations called planets from name of [[Planet (software)]] that perform such aggregation, hosting sites usually have ''planet.'' [[subdomain]] in [[___domain name]] (like http://planet.gnome.org/).
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In general, attempts by employee bloggers to protect themselves by maintaining anonymity have proved ineffective.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/catherine_sanderson/2007/04/blogger_beware.html|last=Sanderson
| first=Cathrine|title=Blogger beware!|work=The Guardian|date=April 2, 2007|access-date=April 2, 2007 | ___location=London}}</ref> In 2009, a controversial and landmark decision by [[David Eady|The Hon. Mr Justice Eady]] refused to grant an order to protect the anonymity of [[Richard Horton (blogger)|Richard Horton]].
[[Delta Air Lines]] fired [[flight attendant]] [[Ellen Simonetti]] because she posted photographs of herself in uniform on an aeroplane and because of comments posted on her blog "Queen of Sky: Diary of a Flight Attendant" which the employer deemed inappropriate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3974081.stm|last=Twist|first=Jo|title=US Blogger Fired by her Airline|publisher=BBC News|date=November 3, 2004|access-date=June 5, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2005-09-08-delta-blog_x.htm|title=Delta employee fired for blogging sues airline|work=[[USA Today]]|date=September 8, 2005|access-date=June 5, 2008}}</ref> This case highlighted the issue of personal blogging and freedom of expression versus employer rights and responsibilities, and so it received wide media attention. Simonetti took legal action against the airline for "wrongful termination, defamation of character and lost future wages".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/11/03/airline_blogger_sacked/|title=Queen of the Sky gets marching orders|website=The Register|date=November 3, 2004|access-date=June 5, 2008}}</ref> The suit was postponed while Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Twelfth Omnibus Claims Objection|url=http://themarketingheaven.com/Twelfth_OmnibusClaimsObjection.pdf|access-date=July 8, 2014}}</ref>
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