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==Beyond the Standard Model==
If the three forces of the Standard Model are unified in a [[Grand Unified Theory]], then there would have been a cosmological phase transition at even higher temperatures, corresponding to the moment when the forces first separated out.<ref name="georgi-glashow" /><ref name="weinberg-gauge" /> A GUT transition that breaks this hypothetical unified state into the Standard model's <math>SU(3)\otimes SU(2)\otimes U(1)</math> symmetry may be responsible for the observed excess of matter over antimatter.<ref name=Peacock-1998/>{{rp|305}} Cosmological phase transitions may also have taken place in a dark or [[hidden sector]], amongst particles and fields that are only very weakly coupled to visible matter.
<ref name="Schwaller2015">{{cite journal |last1=Schwaller |first1=Pedro |title=Gravitational waves from a dark phase transition |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |date=2015 |volume=115 |issue=18 |pages=181101 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.181101|pmid=26565451 |arxiv=1504.07263 |bibcode=2015PhRvL.115r1101S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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